PLANNING OF

HYDROPOWER PROJECTS

By
V. K. KAPOOR
GENERAL MANAGER
NHPC
 CANAL FALL

IRIGATION CANAL

INTAKE
TAIL RACE
CHANNEL
POWER HOUSE

CANAL FALL POWER HOUSE

FIGURE-1
 DIVERSION STUCTURE
POWER INTAKE

ER
I V
R
POWER CHANNEL

FOREBAY PENSTOCK
FALL
POWER HOUSE

TAIL RACE
POOL

POWER CHANNEL DEVELOPMENT

FIGURE-2
 DIVERSION STUCTURE
POWER INTAKE

ER
I V
R
HEAD RACE
TUNNEL
FALL

SURGE SHAFT POWER HOUSE

TAIL RACE
POOL

POWER TUNNEL DEVELOPMENT

FIGURE-3
 RESERVOIR
DAM TOP ROAD

RIVE
SPILLWAY

R
POWER
HOUSE
TAIL RACE
CHANNEL
DAM TOE DEVELOPMENT
FIGURE-4
 ACCESS SHAFT
DAM

RIVER

SURGE CHAMBER

TAIL RACE TUNNEL

UNDERGROUND MACHINE HALL

UPSTREAM STATION ARRANGEMENT

(SWEDISH SYSTEM) FIGURE-5
 SURGE TANK

DAM
ACCESS
PRESSURE TUNNEL GALLERY

PRESSURE SHAFT
ACCESS
VALVE GALLERY TUNNEL

UNDERGROUND
MACHINE HALL
TAILRACE TUNNEL

DOWNSTREAM STATION ARRANGEMENT

(SWISS TYPE)
FIGURE-6
 SURGE TANK

SURGE TANK

SURGE CHAMBER

TAIL RACE
UNDERGROUND MACHINE HALL TUNNEL

INTERMEDIATE LOCATION OF STATION

(ITALIAN ARRANGEMENT) FIGURE-7
 INTAKE
POWER HOUSE
CAVERN
AIR CUSHION
CHAMBER
DIAGONAL PRESSURE ACCESS
TUNNEL (Usually unlined)

STEEL PENSTOCK
DIAGONAL TUNNEL ALIGNMENT WITH
AIR-CUSHION SURGE TANK
(NORWEGIAN SOLUTION) FIGURE-8
 SURGE TANK

GATE GROOVE MAX SURGE LEVEL

STEADY STATE LEVEL

RESERVOIR
MIN SURGE LEVEL

MAIN INLET
INTAKE PRESSURE TUNNEL VALVE
TAILRACE
PRESSURE SHAFT

TURBINE

EXCAVATED SURGE TANK

FIGURE-9
RESERVOIR DAM
SURGE TANK
LOW
GRA TURBINE
DIEN
PEN T
INTAKE STO
CK
TAILRACE
HIGH GRADIENT
PENSTOCK
VALV
E
FREE STANDING SURGE TANK
FIGURE-10
 UPSTREAM SURGE SHAFT

HYDROSTATIC LEVEL
DOWNSTREAM
STEADY STATE LEVEL SURGE SHAFT
RESER-
VOIR PRESSURE SHAFT AIR VENT

LOW PRESSURE
CONDUIT

TAILRACE TUNNEL
UNDERGROUND POWER HOUSE

U/S AND D/S SURGE TANK SYSTEM

FIGURE-11
SALAL H.E. PROJECT
ROCKFILL DAMS
EARTHEN DAM WITH CONCRETE
SPILLWAY & POWER HOUSE
CONCRETE ARCH DAM
 POWER INTAKE
SUBANSIRI LOWER H.E.PROJECT
HYDRAULIC BOOM
GRAPPLE/GRIPPER ARRANGEMENT LADDER
EL 220.00

(MIN 1 TON CAPACITY AND RADIUS 10 M) AIR VENT PIPE 300 DIA
(SUPPLY BY HM CONTRACTOR)
RANDOM BACKFILL
TOP EL 210.00
MWL 208.25
FRL 205.00

1000TH. SLAB BETWEEN

PIER/ABUTMENT

TRASH RACK
RCC BEAMS

EL 169.50

EL 160.00
EL 157.25
DRILLING JUMBO
TUNNEL BORING MACHINE
TUNNEL INSIDE AT BIFURCATION
ROCK BOLTING
SHOTCRETING
SEEPAGE INSIDE TUNNEL
POWERHOUSE L-SECTION
SPIRAL CASING
PI-SHI_HANG AQUEDUCT
RIVER DIVERSION-TEHRI
FISH LADDER-URI BARRAGE
 HEAD RACE TUNNEL
NATHPA JHAKRI H.EPROJECT
IDUKKI ARCH DAM
CFRD UNDER CONSTRUCTION
DHAULIGANGA H.E. PROJECT
INTAKE STRUCTURE
TEHRI HEP
KENGKOU RCC DAM-CHINA
MOZITAN BUTRESS DAM CHINA
POWER HOUSE TURBO GENERATORS-
METTUR DAM
POWERHOUSE MACHINE HALL-URI HE
PROJECT
POWERHOUSE MACHINE HALL
KENGKOU HEP
SPILLWAY RADIAL GATES
TEHRI H.E PROJECT
POWER HOUSE ROTOR INSTALLATION
BAISHAM HEP - CHINA
POWER HOUSE STATOR INSTALLATION
BAISHAM HEP - CHINA
SANGTAO EARTH DAM CHINA
CANAL HEAD POWER HOUSE SARDAR
SAROVAR HEP
SHIMEN DOUBLE CURVATURE ARCH DAM
CHINA
SHIZITAN ROCKFILL DAM
CHINA
 PENSTOCKS
LOKTAK HEP-MANIPUR
SURPLUS SLUICES-METTUR DAM
UNDERGROUND POWERHOUSE
TEHRI HEP
 TURBO GENERATORS
INSTALLATION - UG POWERHOUSE
TEHRI HEP
TAILRACE OUTLET PORTAL
URI H.E.PROJECT
SPIRAL CASING UG POWERHOUSE
TEHRI HEP
BARRAGE – URI HE PROJECT
DESILTING BASIN-URI HEP
  

  COMPONENTS OF HYDRO
POWER PROJECT

CIVIL HYDRO ELECTRICAL &

MECHANICAL MECHANICAL

 
 CIVIL COMPONENTS

ESSENTIAL NON-ESSENTIAL
ESSENTIAL CIVIL COMPONENTS

 DIVERSION STRUCTURES
 WATER CONDUCTOR SYSTEM
 POWERHOUSE
 TAILRACE SYSTEM
 DIVERSION STRUCTURES
• DAM
 Concrete
 Rock fill
 Earthen
 Arch
 Buttress
 CFRD(Concrete Faced Rock fill Dam)
 RCC Dam(Roller Compacted Concrete Dam)
 DIVERSION STRUCTURES

• SPILLWAY
 Ogee
 Chute
 Side Channel
 Morning glory
 Tunnel
 Under sluices
 DIVERSION STRUCTURES
• ENERGY DISSIPATION ARRANGEMENTS
 Stilling Basins
 Ski-jump buckets ( with or without plunge pools)
 Roller buckets
• TEMEPORARY DIVERSION STRUCTURES
 Diversion Channels
 Diversion tunnels
 Coffer Dams
 DIVERSION STRUCTURES

• BARRAGES
• WEIRS
 Broad crested weir
 Trench weir
 WATER CONDUCTOR SYSTEM

• INTAKE
• HEAD REGULATORS
• DESILTING BASIN ( In open system)
• DESILTING CHAMBERS(In underground system)
• POWER CHANNEL
 WATER CONDUCTOR SYSTEM

• HEAD RACE TUNNEL

 Cut & Cover Sections
 Adits
• FOREBAY
• SURGE TANK
• SURGE SHAFT
• SURPLUS ESCAPE
 WATER CONDUCTOR SYSTEM

• CROSS DRAINAGE WORKS

 Aqueducts
 Siphon Aqueducts
 Super Passages
 Level Crossings
• PENSTOCKS ( In open system)
• PRESSURE SHAFTS ( In under ground system)
 POWERHOUSE

• SURFACE
• UNDERGROUND
• SEMI-UNDERGROUND
• SHAFT
 TAIL RACE SYSTEM

• TAIL RACE CHANNEL

• TAIL RACE TUNNEL
• OUT FALL STRUCTURE
 NON-ESSENTIAL CIVIL
STRUCTURES
• LOG BOOMS
• LOG CHUTES
• FISH LADDER/PASS
• Infrastructure works