DISASTER

FROM
DIFFERENT
PERSPECTI
VE
PHYSICAL
PERSPECTIV
E
PHYSICAL
PERSPECTI
VE
Disaster is
defined as a
phenomenon that
can cause damage
to physical
elements.
 Physical Element
⊷Buildings
⊷Infrastructures
⊷People
⊷Properties

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 “ Physical effects are the
most visible and
quantifiable effects of a
disaster.

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 Assessment of disaster is focused on the
following common questions:
⊷How many families are affected?
⊷How many houses are damaged or
washed out?
⊷How many buildings collapsed or
are damaged?
⊷How many roads, bridges, dams and
other infrastructures are damaged?
⊷What is the extent of damage in
agricultural industry?
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PSYCHOLOGI
CAL
PERSPECTIVE
 PSYCHOLOGI
CAL
PERSPECTIV
E
Disaster is regarded as
an occurrence involving
an unexpected or
uncontrollable event
rather than a long-term
experience.
 Psychological Effects
⊷Emotional Effects
⊷Cognitive Effects
⊷Interpersonal
Effects

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 Emotional Effects
⊷Shock ⊷Loss of pleasure derived
from familiar activities
⊷Terror
⊷Difficulty feeling happy
⊷Irritability
⊷Difficulty feeling loved
⊷Blame
⊷Anger
⊷Guilt
⊷Grief or sadness
⊷Numbing
⊷Helplessness
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 Cognitive Effects
⊷Impaired Concentration
⊷Impaired Decision-making
⊷Memory Impairment
⊷Disbelief
⊷Confusion
⊷Nightmares
⊷Decreased Self-esteem

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 Interpersonal
Effects
⊷Social Withdrawal
⊷Reduced relational
intimacy
⊷Impaired word
performance
⊷Distrust
⊷Feeling abandoned

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 These consequences take

“ the form of Post Traumatic

Stress Disorder (PTSD)
and a variety of other
disorders and symptoms
which have been less
investigated.
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 Component of
Recovery Phase
⊷Relief services
⊷Debriefing
⊷Psychological
support system

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SOCIO-
CULTURAL
PERSPECTIVE
 SOCIO-
CULTURAL
PERSPECTIVE
Disaster is serious
disruption of the
functioning of society,
causing widespread
human, material or
environmental losses.
 Social
Conditions
⊷Age
⊷Gender
⊷Wealth
⊷Ethnicity

Cultural Settings
⊷Language
⊷Beliefs
⊷Traditions
⊷Customs
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 “
A disaster is analyzed based
on how people respond
having as parameter their
social conditions and
cultural settings.

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 “
Social Conditions
Cultural Settings
Important determinants of
the degree of risk, resilience
and vulnerability

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ECONOMIC
PERSPECTIVE
 ECONOMIC
PERSPECTIVE
Disaster is a natural
event that causes a
perturbation to the
functioning of the
economic system
With significant negative impact on assets, production
factors, output, employment and consumption.
 “
One salient component of
assessing the impact of
disaster impact is defining
direct economic cost and
indirect losses.

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POLITICAL
PERSPECTIVE
 POLITICAL
PERSPECTIVE
Commonly thought to
be less politically
contentious than armed
conflicts.
Yet, a closer look reveals that politics are deeply wedded
to the impact of disaster.
 Political considerations before, during,
and after a disaster can determine
⊷Who is most at risk?
⊷Who can intervene?
⊷What actions will be taken?
⊷Who will benefit from those actions?

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 Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Phase
⊷Prevention
⊷Mitigation
⊷Preparedness
⊷Recovery

⊷Failure to do so adversely affects the capacity and opportunities

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of those affected to cope with and recover from impacts of disaster.
 ENVIRONMENT
AL
PERSPECTIVE
Disaster are not random
and do not occur by
accident.
 “
Disasters not only reveal
underlying social, economic,
political and environmental
problems, but unfortunately
contribute to worsening
them.

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 THANK
YOU

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