Special motion types

Special interpolation types

Helical motion
Thread milling terminology
Thread milling cutter types
Approach to thread milling
Programming considerations
Example program
Spiral motion
Cylindrical interpolation
Why it is required
Programming considerations
Polar coordinate interpolation
Live tooling and C axis Coordinate system
Programming
Relates to machining and turning centers
Special interpolation types
You know the three basic types of motion:
G00 – rapid motion
Allcontrol manufacturers have
G01 – straight line motion
developed
G02 & G03 other motion types
– circular to handle
motion
special motion problems…
Thread milling: helical interpolation
Taper motion
These thread milling:
types spiral interpolation
are used in almost all
3d machining
CNC machining on mill: nurbs
center andinterpolation
turning center
Rotary axis on mill: cylindrical interpolation
programs.
Rotary axis on lathe: polar coordinate interpolation
Relates only to machining centers
Helical interpolation
Used to mill threads on machining centers
Three axis motion is created
Two axes (X and Y) are circular
One axis (Z) is linear
Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the
radius of the cork-screw is constant
Topics: Thread milling terminology
Thread milling cutter types
Approach to thread milling
Programming considerations
Example program
Helical interpolation
Used to mill threads on machining centers
Three axis motion is created
Two axes (X and Y) are circular
One axis (Z) is linear
Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the
radius of the cork-screw is constant
Topics: Thread milling terminology
Thread milling cutter types
Approach to thread milling
Programming considerations
Example program
Helical interpolation
Thread designation:

Inch: Threads per inch

¾ - 10 Pitch = 1/ threads per inch
Diameter

Pitch
Metric:
25 – 1.5
Diameter
Helical interpolation
Blind versus through holes:

Blind hole Through hole

If machined in vertical orientation, chips collect
at hole bottom. Machine thread from bottom to
top to minimize chip problems
Helical interpolation
Blind versus through holes:

Blind hole Through hole

If machined in vertical orientation, chips fall
through hole. Machining direction is not so
important.
Helical interpolation
Climb versus conventional milling:

Climb milling
(Right hand cutter)
Cutter will move in a counter-clockwise
direction from bottom to top of hole
Helical interpolation
Climb versus conventional milling:

id it y ,
n t r ig
u f f ic i e fi n i s h
ha s s e t t e r
hi n e s a b
a c av e
If m il ling l e
m
climbConventional milling
(Right hand cutter)
Cutter will move in a clockwise
direction from top to bottom of hole
Helical interpolation
Cutter radius compensation

As with any contour milling operation…

…you can use cutter radius
compensation when thread milling
to let the operator control hole size

G41 – Climb milling

G42 – Conventional milling
Helical interpolation
Helical interpolation

This is the motion type

required for thread milling

Two axes (usually X & Y)

move in a circular fashion

On axis (usually Z) moves in

a linear fashion
Helical interpolation
Helical interpolation

XY move in
circular fashion

Z moves in
linear fashion
Helical interpolation
Helical interpolation

XY move in
circular fashion

Z moves in
linear fashion
Helical interpolation
Helical interpolation

XY move in
circular fashion

Z moves in
linear fashion
Helical interpolation
Helical interpolation

XY move in
circular fashion

Z moves in
linear fashion
Helical interpolation
Helical interpolation

As with circular motion…

r e a d
e t h
G02 – Clockwiseted to t h
b e i n g
r e l a le is
G03 – Counter i l l b e clockwise l l c ir c e n t )
u re w f a fu m o m
p a r t c h o i n a
Z d e m u t h is
The ho w r e o n
n d o
pThe
i t c h a only
n d e difference
d ( m from circular
m m a
comotion is that helical motion
requires a Z departure
Helical interpolation
Arc-in approach and escape

Move to center of approach radius

Helical interpolation
Arc-in approach and escape

Instate cutter radius compensation

Helical interpolation
Arc-in approach and escape

Approach radius

Arc-in approach
Helical interpolation
Arc-in approach and escape

Machine thread
Helical interpolation
Arc-in approach and escape

Machine thread
Helical interpolation
Arc-in approach and escape

Machine thread
Helical interpolation
Arc-in approach and escape

Machine thread
Helical interpolation
Arc-in approach and escape

Machine thread
Helical interpolation
Arc-in approach and escape

a r e
ap e s .
e s c a r k
a n d s s m
ac hEscape it n e
radius
pp ro t e w
in a in a
- im
Arc d to el
ui r e
req

Arc-off escape
Helical interpolation
Z departure

You must synchronize the Z departure

based upon…

Percentage of a full circle being machined

Pitch of thread

Even approach and escape movements

must be helical motions
Helical interpolation
Z departure

Move to center of approach radius

Helical interpolation
Z departure

Instate cutter radius compensation

Helical interpolation
Z departure

Approach radius
(1/4 of full circle)

¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch

Arc-in approach
Helical interpolation
Z departure

Machine thread
Helical interpolation
Z departure

¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch

Machine thread
Helical interpolation
Z departure

¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch

Machine thread
Helical interpolation
Z departure

¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch

Machine thread
Helical interpolation
Z departure

¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch

Machine thread
Helical interpolation
Z departure

Escape radius

¼ of full circle: depart in Z ¼ of pitch

Arc-off escape
Helical interpolation
Used to mill threads on machining centers
Three axis motion is created
Two axes (X and Y) are circular
One axis (Z) is linear
Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the
radius of the cork-screw is constant
Topics: Thread milling terminology
Thread milling cutter types
Approach to thread milling
Programming considerations
Example program
Helical interpolation
Used to mill threads on machining centers
Three axis motion is created
Two axes (X and Y) are circular
One axis (Z) is linear
Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the
radius of the cork-screw is constant
Topics: Thread milling terminology
Thread milling cutter types
Approach to thread milling
Programming considerations
Example program
Helical interpolation
Thread milling cutter types

Like a slot milling cutter

with thread form on
outside diameter
Pros: Inexpensive, can machine any pitch
Cons: Requires one full circle per pitch
Helical interpolation
Thread milling cutter types

Integral shank thread milling cutter

made from hss, cobalt, or carbide

Pros: Can machine entire pitch in one circle

Cons: Expensive, can only machine one pitch
Helical interpolation
Thread milling cutter types

u l a r
t p o p
m os r
g t h e cu t te
m i
Carbide
o n inserted
i l in
type
l g
be c d m
i s i s th r ea
h Can machine
TPros: o f entire pitch in one circle,
fo rm
can machine any pitch (with different
inserts), relatively inexpensive
Helical interpolation
Used to mill threads on machining centers
Three axis motion is created
Two axes (X and Y) are circular
One axis (Z) is linear
Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the
radius of the cork-screw is constant
Topics: Thread milling terminology
Thread milling cutter types
Approach to thread milling
Programming considerations
Example program
Helical interpolation
Used to mill threads on machining centers
Three axis motion is created
Two axes (X and Y) are circular
One axis (Z) is linear
Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the
radius of the cork-screw is constant
Topics: Thread milling terminology
Thread milling cutter types
Approach to thread milling
Programming considerations
Example program
Helical interpolation
Approach to thread milling

Climb or conventional milling?

The only reason to conventional mill…

…machine doesn’t have rigidity
required to climb mill
Helical interpolation
Used to mill threads on machining centers
Three axis motion is created
Two axes (X and Y) are circular
One axis (Z) is linear
Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the
radius of the cork-screw is constant
Topics: Thread milling terminology
Thread milling cutter types
Approach to thread milling
Programming considerations
Example program
Helical interpolation
Used to mill threads on machining centers
Three axis motion is created
Two axes (X and Y) are circular
One axis (Z) is linear
Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the
radius of the cork-screw is constant
Topics: Thread milling terminology
Thread milling cutter types
Approach to thread milling
Programming considerations
Example program
Helical interpolation
Programming considerations

The trick to programming helical motion

Program normal circular motion in XY…

…and match the Z departure to the
percentage of a full circle being machined
Helical interpolation
Programming considerations

Pitch

For every full circle motion in XY, the

tool must move one full pitch in Z
If the tool moves half a circle, it
must depart ½ the pitch in Z
Helical interpolation
Programming considerations

¼ revolution in XY
Depart ¼ pitch in Z
Pitch

If pitch is 0.125
(8 threads per inch)
Depart 0.0312
For every full revolution in XY, thein Z
If the
tool toolmove
must moves
onehalf
fullapitch
circle,
in itZ
must depart ½ the pitch in Z
Helical interpolation
Programming considerations

½ revolution in XY
Depart ½ pitch in Z
Pitch

If pitch is 0.125
(8 threads per inch)
Depart 0.0625
For every full revolution in XY, thein Z
If the
tool toolmove
must moves
onehalf
fullapitch
circle,
in itZ
must depart ½ the pitch in Z
Helical interpolation
Used to mill threads on machining centers
Three axis motion is created
Two axes (X and Y) are circular
One axis (Z) is linear
Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the
radius of the cork-screw is constant
Topics: Thread milling terminology
Thread milling cutter types
Approach to thread milling
Programming considerations
Example program
Helical interpolation
Used to mill threads on machining centers
Three axis motion is created
Two axes (X and Y) are circular
One axis (Z) is linear
Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the
radius of the cork-screw is constant
Topics: Thread milling terminology
Thread milling cutter types
Approach to thread milling
Programming considerations
Example program
 Example program
Helical interpolation
O0001
(1" thread
Climb mill) (feeding bottom
milling
N150 T07 M06
N155 toG90
top in ccw
G54 direction)
S600 M03 T08
0.125 pitch N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
N205 G00 G40 X1.5
N210 G00 Z0.1 M09
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...
 Program number
Helical interpolation
O0001
(1" thread mill)
N150 T07 M06
N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08
N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
N205 G00 G40 X1.5
N210 G00 Z0.1 M09
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...
 Thread mill size
Helical interpolation
O0001
(1" thread mill)
N150 T07 M06
N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08
N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
N205 G00 G40 X1.5
N210 G00 Z0.1 M09
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...
 Place thread mill in spindle
Helical interpolation
O0001
(1" thread mill)
N150 T07 M06
N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08
N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
N205 G00 G40 X1.5
N210 G00 Z0.1 M09
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...
 Start spindle
Helical interpolation
O0001
(1" thread mill)
N150 T07 M06
N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08
N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
N205 G00 G40 X1.5
N210 G00 Z0.1 M09
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...
 Rapid to center of approach radius
Helical interpolation
O0001
(1" thread mill)
N150 T07 M06
N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08
N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
N205 G00 G40 X1.5
N210 G00 Z0.1 M09
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...
 Approach in Z
Helical interpolation
O0001
(1" thread mill)
N150 T07 M06
N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08
N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
N205 G00 G40 X1.5
N210 G00 Z0.1 M09
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...

Helical interpolation
Starting Z position for
Rapid through hole
O0001
(1" thread mill)
N150 T07 M06
N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08
N160 G00
helical X1.5 Y1.75
move
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
N205 G00 G40 X1.5
N210 G00 Z0.1 M09
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...
 Instate cutter comp.
Helical interpolation
O0001
(1" thread mill)
N150 T07 M06
N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08
N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
N205 G00 G40 X1.5
N210 G00 Z0.1 M09
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...
 Approach to hole
Helical interpolation
O0001
(1"¼
Departing thread mill)
circle in XY
N150 T07 M06
So depart in Z
N155 ¼ G54
G90 pitch (0.0312)
S600 M03 T08
N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
-0.7N190
minus Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 0.0312
Z-0.5438isR1.0
–0.6688
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
N205 G00 G40 X1.5
N210 G00 Z0.1 M09
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...
 Mill half way around hole
Helical interpolation
O0001
(1" thread mill)
N150 T07 M06
Departing N155
½ circle in XY
G90 G54 S600 M03 T08
So depart N160
in Z G00
½ pitch (0.0625)
X1.5 Y1.75
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
-0.6688 minusN2050.0625 is –0.6063
G00 G40 X1.5
N210 G00 Z0.1 M09
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...
 Mill other half
Helical interpolation
O0001
(1" thread mill)
Departing
N150½T07circle
M06 in XY
So depart
N155inG90
Z½ G54pitch
S600(0.0625)
M03 T08
N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
N205 G00 G40 X1.5
N210 G00 Z0.1 M09
-0.6063 minus 0.0625 is –0.5438
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...
 Arc-off the hole
Helical interpolation
O0001
(1" thread mill)
Departing
N150¼T07circle
M06 in XY
So depart
N155inG90
Z¼ G54pitch
S600(0.0312)
M03 T08
N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
N205 G00 G40 X1.5
-0.5438 minusN210 G00 Z0.1
0.0312 M09
is –0.5126
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...
 Cancel cutter comp
Helical interpolation
O0001
(1" thread mill)
N150 T07 M06
N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08
N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
N205 G00 G40 X1.5
N210 G00 Z0.1 M09
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...
 Retract from hole
Helical interpolation
O0001
(1" thread mill)
N150 T07 M06
N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08
N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
N205 G00 G40 X1.5
N210 G00 Z0.1 M09
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...
 Return to zero return position
Helical interpolation
O0001
(1" thread mill)
N150 T07 M06
N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08
N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
N205 G00 G40 X1.5
N210 G00 Z0.1 M09
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...
 Optional stop
Helical interpolation
O0001
(1" thread mill)
N150 T07 M06
N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08
N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
N205 G00 G40 X1.5
N210 G00 Z0.1 M09
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...
 Program continues
Helical interpolation
O0001
(1" thread mill)
N150 T07 M06
N155 G90 G54 S600 M03 T08
N160 G00 X1.5 Y1.75
N165 G43 H07 Z0.1
N170 G00 Z-0.7 M08
N180 G01 G41 D37 X2.25 F40.0
N185 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 Z-0.6688
R0.75 F6.0
N190 Y0.5 Z-0.6063 R1.0
N195 Y2.5 Z-0.5438 R1.0
N200 X0.75 Z-0.5126 R0.75
N205 G00 G40 X1.5
N210 G00 Z0.1 M09
N215 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N220 M01
N225...
Helical interpolation
Used to mill threads on machining centers
Three axis motion
Final notes:
is created
Twoaxes (X and Y) are circular
Male (outside diameter) threads are also
Onepossible
axis (Z) is linear
Motion resembles
If the thread is a
socork-screw,
deep that onebut the
pass
does of
radius notthe
complete the thread,
cork-screw you can
is constant
make
Topics: multiple
Thread passes
milling (just keep
terminology
departing in Z in even increments of the
Thread milling cutter types
pitch)
Approach to thread milling
Programming considerations
Example program
Relates only to machining centers
Spiral interpolation
Used to mill taper threads on machining centers
Three axis motion is created
Two axes (X and Y) are spiral
One axis (Z) is linear
Motion resembles a cork-screw, and the
radius of the cork-screw constantly changes
Topics:
Why spiral interpolation is required
Spiral interpolation
Used to mill taper threads on machining centers
Three axis motion is created
Two axes (X and Y) are spiral
One axis (Z) is linear
Motion resembles a cork-screw, and the
radius of the cork-screw constantly changes
Topics:
Why spiral interpolation is required
Spiral interpolation

Taper thread
milling cutter
Consider what would
happen with helical motion
if milling top to bottom Thread to mill
Spiral interpolation
t a p e r
r f e c t n !
a p e o t i o
a k e i c a l m
u s t m e h e l o l
o u m ’t u s c o n t r n
If y u c a n t l
Taper
a l thread l a ti o
Nasty witness
d , y omark
l y , n o t e r p o
e a
thr Actual n t e
aTangentspofira milling
l i n cutter
l
n fo r t u
size:
e r s p i r a
U rs o f f l a t e ng
Consider what angle
taper
t
would
u r e times pitch
s i m u m m i
happen with
n u f a c
helical motion c a n r o g r a
if m a If top
taper ist y o
1.783u degrees t r i cand p pitch is
milling
th a
to bottom
m e Thread to mill
Note0.125,ith gap ra be 0.0038 inch
pawill
o n s w
o ti
m Though exaggerated, this shows what the
workpiece would look like after machining
Spiral interpolation
Used to mill taper threads on machining centers
Three axis motion is created
Two axes (X and Y) are spiral
One axis (Z) is linear
Motion resembles a cork-screw, but the
radius of the cork-screw constantly changes
Topics:
Why spiral interpolation is required
Relates to machining and turning centers
Cylindrical interpolation
Used to mill contours around a cylinder
Used with rotary axis
G02/G03 now possible with rotary axis
You can treat rotary axis as linear
Allows feedrate to be specified in IPM
Just about any contour can be milled around
the outside of a cylindrical object
Topics:
Why cylindrical interpolation is required
Programming considerations
Cylindrical interpolation
Used to mill contours around a cylinder
Used with rotary axis
G02/G03 now possible with rotary axis
You can treat rotary axis as linear
Allows feedrate to be specified in IPM
Just about any contour can be milled around
the outside of a cylindrical object
Topics:
Why cylindrical interpolation is required
Programming considerations
Cylindrical interpolation
Z
Y Many machining centers are
equipped with rotary axes
X
A
Cylindrical interpolation
Z
Y
X l o w s
n a l
A
la tio a xi s
e rpo ta r y
l i n t e ro
d ri ca t h x i s !
Without
y li n
cylindrical g r a m
interpolation,a r ayou’re quite
C to what p r o be done l in ewith and end mill
limited
u t o can
i s a
yo motion i f it(G02/G03) is possible
No circular as
Feedrate must be specified in degrees per minute
Calculating positions can be difficult
Cylindrical interpolation
Used to mill contours around a cylinder
Used with rotary axis
G02/G03 now possible with rotary axis
You can treat rotary axis as linear
Allows feedrate to be specified in IPM
Just about any contour can be milled around
the outside of a cylindrical object
Topics:
Why cylindrical interpolation is required
Programming considerations
Cylindrical interpolation
Used to mill contours around a cylinder
Used with rotary axis
G02/G03 now possible with rotary axis
You can treat rotary axis as linear
Allows feedrate to be specified in IPM
Just about any contour can be milled around
the outside of a cylindrical object
Topics:
Why cylindrical interpolation is required
Programming considerations
Cylindrical interpolation
Z
Y
X
A
Cylindrical interpolation
Z With Fanuc, a G07.1 is used to instate
Y An A word specifies this distance
G07.1 A2.75
X
A

The control must be told the

distance from the workpiece
center to the work surface
Cylindrical interpolation
Coordinate system for cylindrical interpolation
0.5 R
2 7 8
3.0 in

1
3
0.375 R
2.0 in
X axis

4
1.0 in

5 6

0
90 deg 180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
0 deg
A axis
Cylindrical interpolation
0.5 R
2 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

1
3
0.375 R

X axis
4

5 6

0
90 deg 180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
0 deg
1 A axis

2
4
3 5
Note that these
are true arcs 6
Cylindrical interpolation
0.5 R
2 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

1
3
0.375 R

X axis
4

5 6

0
90 deg 180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
0 deg
1 A axis

2
4
3 5

6
Cylindrical interpolation
0.5 R
2 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

1
3
0.375 R

X axis
4

5 6

0
90 deg 180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
0 deg
2 A axis
4
3 5
8
6

7
Cylindrical interpolation
0.5 R
2 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

1
3
0.375 R

X axis
4

5 6

0
90 deg 180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
0 deg
2 A axis
4
3 5
8
6

7
Cylindrical interpolation
0.5 R
2 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

1
3
0.375 R

X axis
4

5 6

0
90 deg 180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
0 deg
4 A axis
3 5
8
6

7
Cylindrical interpolation
0.5 R
2 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

1
3
0.375 R

X axis
4

5 6

0
90 deg 180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
0 deg
4 A axis
3 5
8
6

7
Cylindrical interpolation
0.5 R
2 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

1
3
0.375 R

X axis
4

5 6

0
90 deg 180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
4 0 deg
A axis
3 5
8
6

7
Cylindrical interpolation
0.5 R
2 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

1
3
0.375 R

X axis
4

5 6

0
90 deg 180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
0 deg
A axis
5
8
6

7
Cylindrical interpolation
0.5 R
2 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

1
3
0.375 R

X axis
4

5 6

0
90 deg 180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
0 deg
A axis
5
8
6

7
Cylindrical interpolation
0.5 R
2 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

1
3
0.375 R

X axis
4

5 6

0
90 deg 180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
0 deg
6 A axis

7
Cylindrical interpolation
0.5 R
2 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

1
3
0.375 R

X axis
4

5 6

0
90 deg 180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
0 deg
6 A axis

7
Cylindrical interpolation
0.5 R
2 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

1
3
0.375 R

X axis
4

5 6

0
90 deg 180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
0 deg
A axis
7
Cylindrical interpolation
0.5 R
2 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

1
3
0.375 R

X axis
4

5 6

0
90 deg 180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
0 deg
A axis
7
 O0001
Cylindrical interpolationN005 G54 G90 S500 M03
N0102 G00 0.5X3.0
R
Y0 A0 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

N015
1 G43 3 H01 Z3.1
0.375 R
N020 G01 Z2.75 F4.0

X axis
4
N025 G07.1 A2.75
N030 G015 A55.0 6
F10.0
0
N035 G02 X2.5 A90.0 R0.5
N040
0 deg
G01
90 deg X1.5
180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
# X A N045 G03 X1.125 A axisA120.0 R0.375
1 3.0 8 0 deg N050 G01 A165.0
2 3.0 55.0 deg
3 2.5 90.0 deg N055 X3.0 A270.0
4 1.5 90.0 deg N060 Z360.0
5 1.125 120 deg N065 Z3.1
6 1.125 165 deg N070 G07.1 A0
7 3.0 270 deg
N075 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
8 3.0 360 deg
N080 M30
 O0001
Cylindrical interpolation N005 G54 G90 S500 M03
N0102 G00 0.5 X3.0
R
Y0 A0 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

Instate cylindrical N015
1 G43 3 H01 Z3.1
0.375 R
interpolation, specify N020 G01 Z2.75 F4.0

X axis
4
distance from center to N025 G07.1 A2.75
work surface N030 G01 5
A55.06
F10.0
0
N035 G02 X2.5 A90.0 R0.5
N040
0 deg
G01
90 deg X1.5180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
# X A N045 G03 X1.125 A axisA120.0 R0.375
1 3.0 8 0 deg N050 G01 A165.0
2 3.0 55.0 deg
3 2.5 90.0 deg N055 X3.0 A270.0
4 1.5 90.0 deg N060 Z360.0
5 1.125 120 deg N065 Z3.1
6 1.125 165 deg N070 G07.1 A0
7 3.0 270 deg
N075 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
8 3.0 360 deg
N080 M30
 O0001
Cylindrical interpolation N005 G54 G90 S500 M03
N0102 G00 0.5X3.0
R
Y0 A0 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

Note that feedrate can N015
1 G43 3 H01 Z3.1
0.375 R
now be specified in per N020 G01 Z2.75 F4.0

X axis
4
minute fashion N025 G07.1 A2.75
N030 G015 A55.0 6
F10.0
0
N035 G02 X2.5 A90.0 R0.5
N040
0 deg
G01
90 deg X1.5
180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
# X A N045 G03 X1.125 A axisA120.0 R0.375
1 3.0 8 0 deg N050 G01 A165.0
2 3.0 55.0 deg
3 2.5 90.0 deg N055 X3.0 A270.0
4 1.5 90.0 deg N060 Z360.0
5 1.125 120 deg N065 Z3.1
6 1.125 165 deg N070 G07.1 A0
7 3.0 270 deg
N075 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
8 3.0 360 deg
N080 M30
 O0001
Cylindrical interpolation N005 G54 G90 S500 M03
N0102 G00 0.5X3.0
R
Y0 A0 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

Circular motions are now N015 1 G43 3 H01 Z3.1
0.375 R
permissible N020 G01 Z2.75 F4.0

X axis
4
N025 G07.1 A2.75
N030 G015 A55.0 6
F10.0
0
N035 G02 X2.5 A90.0 R0.5
N040
0 deg
G01
90 deg X1.5
180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
# X A N045 G03 X1.125 A axisA120.0 R0.375
1 3.0 8 0 deg N050 G01 A165.0
2 3.0 55.0 deg
3 2.5 90.0 deg N055 X3.0 A270.0
4 1.5 90.0 deg N060 Z360.0
5 1.125 120 deg N065 Z3.1
6 1.125 165 deg N070 G07.1 A0
7 3.0 270 deg
N075 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
8 3.0 360 deg
N080 M30
 O0001
Cylindrical interpolation N005 G54 G90 S500 M03
N0102 G00 0.5X3.0
R
Y0 A0 7 8

3.0 in 2.0 in 1.0 in

Cancel cylindrical N015
1 G43 3 H01 Z3.1
0.375 R
interpolation N020 G01 Z2.75 F4.0

X axis
4
N025 G07.1 A2.75
N030 G015 A55.0 6
F10.0
0
N035 G02 X2.5 A90.0 R0.5
N040
0 deg
G01
90 deg X1.5
180 deg 270 deg 360 deg
# X A N045 G03 X1.125 A axisA120.0 R0.375
1 3.0 8 0 deg N050 G01 A165.0
2 3.0 55.0 deg
3 2.5 90.0 deg N055 X3.0 A270.0
4 1.5 90.0 deg N060 Z360.0
5 1.125 120 deg N065 Z3.1
6 1.125 165 deg N070 G07.1 A0
7 3.0 270 deg
N075 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
8 3.0 360 deg
N080 M30
Cylindrical interpolation
Used to mill contours around a cylinder
Used with rotary axis
G02/G03 now possible with rotary axis
You can treat rotary axis as linear
Allows feedrate to be specified in IPM
Just about any contour can be milled around
the outside of a cylindrical object
Topics:
Why cylindrical interpolation is required
Programming considerations
Relates only to turning centers
Polar coordinate interpolation
Used to mill contours on a turning center
Many turning centers have three axes
X, Y, and C
The C axis is a rotary axis
Within the spindle
The main spindle has two modes
Turning mode and C axis mode
Tools in the turret can rotate (live tooling)
These turning centers do secondary operations!
Topics:
Live tooling and C axis Coordinate system
Programming Example program
Polar coordinate interpolation
Used to mill contours on a turning center
Many turning centers have three axes
X, Y, and C
The C axis is a rotary axis
Within the spindle
The main spindle has two modes
Turning mode and C axis mode
Tools in the turret can rotate (live tooling)
These turning centers do secondary operations!
Topics:
Live tooling and C axis Coordinate system
Programming Example program
 Turret

Rotating tool in turret

Chuck
Could be:
Drill
Tap
Reamer
End mill
Etc.
Again, this kind of turning Turret
center can perform machining
center-like operations!

Rotating tool in turret

Chuck
Could be:
Drill Parallel
C axis
Tap To X
Reamer
End mill
Spindle
Etc.
incorporates
rotary axis
Polar coordinate interpolation
Used to mill contours on a turning center
Many turning centers have three axes
X, Y, and C
The C axis is a rotary axis
Within the spindle
The main spindle has two modes
Turning mode and C axis mode
Tools in the turret can rotate (live tooling)
These turning centers do secondary operations!
Topics:
Live tooling and C axis Coordinate system
Programming Example program
Polar coordinate interpolation
Used to mill contours on a turning center
Many turning centers have three axes
X, Y, and C
The C axis is a rotary axis
Within the spindle
The main spindle has two modes
Turning mode and C axis mode
Tools in the turret can rotate (live tooling)
These turning centers do secondary operations!
Topics:
Live tooling and C axis Coordinate system
Programming Example program
Programming the C axis
M codes select spindle mode

M81: Normal turning mode

M82:Machine
C axis mode
used as a normal
two-axis turning center

M code numbers vary

from builder to builder
Programming the C axis
M codes select spindle mode

M81: Normal turning mode

M82: C axis mode
C axis rotary device engaged:
Full rotary axis
MCan
codebenumbers
used as vary
an indexer
from builder
Spindle to builder
speed (S word) now
activates turret tool
Feedrate must be in G98 mode
Programming the C axis
M codes select spindle mode

M81: Normal turning mode

Your M82: C axis
lesson text mode
includes examples
of C
Similarities to axis
linearprogramming
axis:
G00 & G01
Incremental and absolute
Program zero assignment
Polar coordinate interpolation
Used to mill contours on a turning center
Many turning centers have three axes
X, Y, and C
The C axis is a rotary axis
Within the spindle
The main spindle has two modes
Turning mode and C axis mode
Tools in the turret can rotate (live tooling)
These turning centers do secondary operations!
Topics:
Live tooling and C axis Coordinate system
Programming Example program
Polar coordinate interpolation
Used to mill contours on a turning center
Many turning centers have three axes
X, Y, and C
The C axis is a rotary axis
Within the spindle
The main spindle has two modes
Turning mode and C axis mode
Tools in the turret can rotate (live tooling)
These turning centers do secondary operations!
Topics:
Live tooling and C axis Coordinate system
Programming Example program
Coordinate system
Axis layout for rotary axis

C+ X+ Note that the

machine cannot
move in this direction!
C-

X-
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Axis layout for rotary axis
Milling cutter
C+ X+

C-

Yet by combining X
and C motion, this
X- shape can be milled!
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Axis layout for rotary axis
Milling cutter
C+ X+

C-

Yet by combining X
and C motion, this
X- shape can be milled!
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Axis layout for rotary axis
Milling cutter
C+ X+
X+ and C+ motion

C-

Yet by combining X
and C motion, this
X- shape can be milled!
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Axis layout for rotary axis
Milling cutter
C+ X+
X+ and C- motion

C-

Yet by combining X
and C motion, this
X- shape can be milled!
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Axis layout for rotary axis
Milling cutter
C+ X+
X+ and C+ motion

C-

Yet by combining X
and C motion, this
X- shape can be milled!
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Axis layout for rotary axis
Milling cutter
C+ X+
X+ and C- motion

C-

Yet by combining X
and C motion, this
X- shape can be milled!
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Axis layout for rotary axis
Milling cutter
C+ X+
X+ and C+ motion

C-

Yet by combining X
and C motion, this
X- shape can be milled!
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Axis layout for rotary axis
Milling cutter
C+ X+
X+ and C- motion

C-

Yet by combining X
and C motion, this
X- shape can be milled!
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Axis layout for rotary axis
Milling cutter
C+ X+
X+ and C+ motion

C-

Yet by combining X
and C motion, this
X- shape can be milled!
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Axis layout for rotary axis
Milling cutter
C+ X+
X+ and C- motion

C-

Yet by combining X
and C motion, this
X- shape can be milled!
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Polar coordinate interpolation lets you
handle the C axis as if it is a linear axis!
X+
Remember, X X3.2 C0
is in diameter

C- C+

Program zero
X-
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Polar coordinate interpolation lets you
handle the C axis as if it is a linear axis!
X+
X2.5 C0

C- C+

Program zero
X-
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Polar coordinate interpolation lets you
handle the C axis as if it is a linear axis!
X+
X2.5 C-0.5176

C- C+
Of course the tool
can’t actually move
in this fashion Program zero
X-
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Polar coordinate interpolation lets you
handle the C axis as if it is a linear axis!
X+
X0 C-1.4785

C- C+

Program zero
X-
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Polar coordinate interpolation lets you
handle the C axis as if it is a linear axis!
X+
X-2.5 C-0.5176

C- C+

Program zero
X-
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Polar coordinate interpolation lets you
handle the C axis as if it is a linear axis!
X+
X-2.5 C0.5176

C- C+

Program zero
X-
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Polar coordinate interpolation lets you
handle the C axis as if it is a linear axis!
X+
X0 C1.4785

C- C+

Program zero
X-
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system
Polar coordinate interpolation lets you
handle the C axis as if it is a linear axis!
X+
X2.5 C0.5176

C- C+

Program zero
X-
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Coordinate system at i o n
r p o l
i n t e
Polar coordinate i n a t e interpolation in g lets you
o r d r a m m y !
handle ar c o
the C axis
r o gas if it is
e a s
a linear axis!
Po l e s p i o n s i s
k
ma ing mo X+ motio t n
o u r u l a r X2.5 i o C0
n !
c o nt c ir c f a s h fu l l
v e n th i s o r a
E d i n e x t f
w e n t
o
C- all e lesso proC+ gram
Se a m p l e
e x
Program zero
X-
Viewing chuck from tailstock side
Polar coordinate interpolation
Used to mill contours on a turning center
Many turning centers have three axes
X, Y, and C
The C axis is a rotary axis
Within the spindle
The main spindle has two modes
Turning mode and C axis mode
Tools in the turret can rotate (live tooling)
These turning centers do secondary operations!
Topics:
Live tooling and C axis Coordinate system
Programming Example program
Polar coordinate interpolation
Used to mill contours on a turning center
Many turning centers have three axes
X, Y, and C
The C axis is a rotary axis m i s
o g r a
Within the spindle ple pr e xt
x a m o n t
The mainfuspindle
l l e has
le s stwo modes
in , o u r
y C axis mode
Aga mode
Turning i nand
n turret can rotate (live tooling)
o
Toolshin
s w
the
These turning centers do secondary operations!
Topics:
Live tooling and C axis Coordinate system
Programming Example program