ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

QUS 3206/ MNA

ENERGY SOURCES
ENERGY SOURCES
• Are natural resources from which we obtain different forms of
energy that can be transformed for a specific use.

• The energy we consume has many different uses, for example:

Household energy and Industrial energy

• Household uses: The operating of electrical appliances, heating

systems, hot water systems, heats for cooking and for means of
transport.

• Industrial energy: The operating of factories and companies,

construction, agriculture and so on.
ENERGY SOURCES

• We can classify energy sources in several ways:

• RENEWABLE: Abundant and in exhaustive for example: Trees, the sun, water, the
wind...

• NON-RENEWABLE: May or may not be abundant, depleted when we used them up,
cannot be renewed in a short period of time. For example: Fossil fuels, oil, coal...
HOW ELECTRIC BEEN GENERATED?
POWER PLANTS
DEFINITION OF POWER PLANT

Electric power plants are facilities where primary or

secondary energy is transformed into electricity.
Once electricity is generated, it must be transported
to towns, cities, or industrials parks.
POWER PLANTS

• By use in each country:

• CONVENTIONAL: Most commonly used in industrialized countries, for

example: energy that comes from fossil fuels.

• NON CONVENTIONAL: Alternative energy source, In early stages of the

technological development, solar and wind power belong to this group.
CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS:
1) FOSSIL FUELS
●
This type of power plant
produces most of the
electricity that we use.
●
At this type of power plants,
water is heated in a boiler by
the heat generated from the
combustion of a fossil fuel,
usually natural gas or coal.
●
The steam that is generated
moves the turbine conected
to the generator.
 CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS:
1) FOSSIL FUELS

These type of power plant is commonly used a stage of
Combined Cycle

Electricity is generated as a result of two combined
cycles:

During the fist cycle gas turbine is used, including a
compressor(Machine used to increase or decrease the
pressure of a gas)

The combustion gases are transported to a boiler where
they transfer the energy to the water during the second
cycle.
FUNCTIONING OF A FOSSIL FUEL
POWER PLANT
CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS: 2)
HYDROELECTRICITY.
●
This type of power plant uses
the potencial energy provided
by the height of the stored
water in a dam, converting it
into kinetic energy.
●
This energy moves the blades
of the turbine.
●
Depending on the destination
of the water, hydraulic power
plants are divided into two
types: Gravity or Pump.
GRAVITY DRIVEN
PUMP DRIVEN
CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS:
3) NUCLEAR
●
This type of plant includes a
nuclear fission reactor that
produces the pressurised steam
needed to move the turbine
rotor.
●
It can contaminate due to the
radiation that it produces, it's
pollutants cannot be recicled, it
is non-renewable although it has
great capacity and high
performance, but radioactive
waste is very dangerous
FUNCTIONING OF A NUCLEAR
POWER PLANT
NON-CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS:
1) WIND
●
These power plants use the
kinetic energy of the wind to
move the blades of a rotor at
the top of a tower; this is
referred to as the wind
turbine.
●
Wind farms are a clean form
of generating electricity.
●
However, they can only be
installed in places with
appropriated wind conditions.
 NON-CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS:
1) WIND
ADVANTAGES
1. W ind is Renewable and free of cost
2. Pollution free
3. Can be installed in remote villages, thus reducing costly transmission lines

DISADVANTAGES
1. Capital cost is very high
2. Large area of land is required
3. M aintenance cost is very high
NON-CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS:
2) SOLAR

●
These plants use the
energy from the sun.
●
There are two main
types of installations:
Photo-thermal and
Photovoltaic power
plants.
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS
PHOTO-THERMAL POWER PLANTS


In this type of power plants, the heat
generated by solar radiation produces steam
that is used to move the rotor in the generator.

To do this, they use special mirrors, called
heliostats, that reflect sunlight and
concentrate it at one point, where it reaches a
high temperature.
Renewable source of energy
Pollution free
After the capital cost, the
cost of power generation
is quite low.
Wide range of applications,
powering street lights to
satellites
Capital cost is very high
Large area of land is
required
Large number of solar
panels are required
Affected by seasons.
NON-CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS: 3) GEOTHERMAL
●
These plants use the heat found at deep levels in the earth. This heat
may reach the surface in the form of steam, gases or hot water.
●
Geothermal energy may be used directly-hot water and heating-and
indirectly-the heat generates steam, which produces electricity.
NON-CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS: 4) BIOMASS

●
Biomass consists of all organic
compounds that are produced
through natural processes.
●
It is subjected to different
physical and chemical
processes ir order to produce
fuels such as charcoal, alcohol
or biogas. This type of fuel is
burnt at these power plants to
produce electricity.
WAVES POWER PLANT
• Wave power is the transport of energy by ocean surface waves
• A machine able to exploit wave power is generally known as a wave energy converter (WEC)
• Wave power is distinct from the diurnal flux of tidal power and the steady gyre of ocean currents.
• Waves are generated by wind passing over the surface of the sea. As long as the waves propagate
slower than the wind speed just above the waves, there is an energy transfer from the wind to the
waves. Both air pressure differences between the upwind and the lee side of a wave crest, as well
as friction on the water surface by the wind, making the water to go into the shear stress causes
the growth of the waves
TIDAL POWER PLANT
TIDAL POWER PLANT
• 3 types of tidal power generation :-
1) Tidal turbine
2) Tidal barrages
3) Tidal lagoon
• Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that converts the
energy of tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity
• Among sources of renewable energy, tidal power has traditionally suffered
from relatively high cost and limited availability of sites with sufficiently high
tidal ranges or flow velocities, thus constricting its total availability.
• The world's first large-scale tidal power plant is the Rance Tidal Power Station
in France, which became operational in 1966. Total harvestable energy from
tidal areas close to the coast is estimated to be around 1 terawatt worldwide