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MATERIALS
POLYURETHANE
POLYURETHANE IS A PLASTIC MATERIAL WHICH EXISTS IN
VARIOUS FORMS. IT IS THE RESULT OF THE CHEMICAL
REACTION BETWEEN A POLYOL AND A DIISOCYANATE, WHICH
IS COMPLETELY INERT AND HARMLESS TO HUMANS.
USES OF POLYURETHANES
SYNTHETIC FIBERS
HARD PLASTICS PARTS (FOR ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS)
SURFACE COATING AND SURFACE SEALANTS
RIGID FOAM INSULATION PANELS
HIGH PERFORMANCE ADHESIVES
PREPARATION OF
POLYURETHANES
Preparation of Polyurethane by Electrospinning.
After the substrate is free of cracks, a layer of primer (Primer-PU 100) is applied and left
After the primer has dried up, joints and junctions are sealed using ISOFLEX-PU 500
Seamless Finish
Impermeable
Structures like flat roofs, terrace or decks are constantly exposed to humidity, UV
provides a simple, secure and easy solution to difficult sealing points such as corners,
edges and joints, making up for its high cost.
EPDM Rubber
About EPDM Rubber
• EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) rubber is a type of synthetic
rubber made from the chemicals that make up its name.
• EPDM is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene, the amount of ethylene
varies from 45% - 75%. The diene monomer content varies from 3% - 9%.
• The demand for EPDM rubber has been the fastest out of other synthetic
rubber and hence an ever growing industry since the 2000s.
• As a result of its versatility in polymer design and performance there are a vast
number of uses of EPDM rubber. The largest industry for EPDM rubber is in the
automotive and construction industry.
• Available as sheets, containers, foam sponges, strips, cords.
Properties
1. Highly weatherproof. It can resist abrasion, UV rays, ozone, heat and water.
2. Steam resistant and can function up to 200 C without air.
3. Chemical resistant. To elaborate, EPDM has good resistance to alkali, acids
and oxygenated solvents
4. EPDM has low electrical conductivity
5. Adheres easily to metals.
6. It’s also very flexible with 600% elongation and a tensile range of 500-2500
psi.
7. Functions between -45 C to 177 C.
8. EPDM insulates and reduces noise.
9. EPDM rubber can be finished to an extremely smooth surface
Uses in different industries
HVAC Automotive
• Compressor grommets • Weather stripping and seals
• Wire and cable harnesses
• Mandrel formed drain tubes
• Window spacers
• Pressure switch tubing
• Hydraulic brake systems
• Panel gaskets and seals
Construction • Door, window, and trunk seals
• Roofing Industrial
• Sealant • Water system O-rings and hoses
• Expansion joints • Tubing
• Garage door seals • Grommets
• Pool and tank liners
• Belts
• Waterproof coating for bitumen
• Electrical insulation and stinger covers
and RV roofs.
Usage as a waterproofing material
Used in roofing
As EPDM rubber is much more durable and flexible than traditional roofing
systems due to its molecular cross-linked structure. EPDM roof also provides
smooth surfaces and soft edges which is ideal for making sure rainwater is
passed down to nearby gutters.
Concrete Foundation Waterproofing
EPDM rubber concrete foundation waterproofing systems allow the substrate
underneath it to breathe. These products are vapor permeable which
means any existing moisture or dampness can escape while the EPDM
rubber still has its ability to remain fully waterproof against the elements.
Water containment seal system
The membrane allows dams and reservoirs complete protection against water
ingress.
Parking deck waterproofing
EPDM membrane may be laid over asphalt
and old bitumen, easy to apply, resistant to
root penetration
Balcony waterproofing
Foundation wall waterproofing
Solar roof waterproofing
Market prices
Country Price of EPDM Price of EPDM rubber
Rubber Waterproofing container
EPDM Membrane per m².
Packaging Type: Roll
Thickness: 3mm
Bhutan Nu 320 -
These include:
1. Proven membrane performance and track record.
2. Design flexibility for both flat and sloped applications.
3. Versatility in extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive green roof coverings.
4. Resist standing or ponding water.
5. Reliable for heat welded seams and detailing.
6. Less dependent on weather conditions at time of installations.
7. Long-term durability and water-proofing protection.
PREPARATION OF
THERMOPLASTIC
Thermoplastic polypropylene is produced via chain-growth polymerization from the monomer
propylene.
Thermoplastic polyvinyl chloride is prepared by radical polymerization of vinyl chloride to produce
material composed of an average of 10000 to 24000 monomer units.
Thermoplastic polystyrene is made from the monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is
commercially manufactured from petroleum.
APPLICATION
Lay and cut all membranes to the desired length, starting with the weldable selvage edge
aligned with the low slope roof edge.
Align the weldable selvage edge with the lap line of the previously installed sheet.
Align the sheet ends of consecutive membranes.
Allow the membrane to relax 15-30 minutes.
Start adhering by folding the first membrane in half, along the length of the membrane, then
peel the release liner at a 45 degree angle.
APPLICATION
Lightly fluter the membrane and roll the exposed side down smooth-ing with your hands to
promote adhesion. Watch for wrinkles in The material, adjust speed and tension as needed.
Repeat steps on the other side of the membrane.
Broom in once both sides are down to promote adhesion and remove air pockets utilizing a
stiff broom, starting from the middle out to the edges.
Roll-in the adhered membrane with 100lb split steel roller completely.Ensure the surface of
the roller is clean and free of foreign material to prevent damage to the membrane.
Attached the membrane at parapet walls, penetrations and any anglechanges using JM
approved fasteners and plates.
MARKET ANALYSIS
Thermoplastic Elastomer TPE Granule’s
500-999 Meters
$3.50
ANALYSIS
No variations in thickness. Thickness is controlled by the manufacture process and not the
expertise of the installer.
The thermoplastic can be easily installed over the irregular surface.
It can be installed over damp surfaces in any temperature increasing contractor productivity and
lowering installed costs.
The welded seams and flashings provide superior performance.
The price are reasonable as well as the advantages is more than the disadvantage, it is suitable to
use in both commercial and residential building.
4. PVC WATERPROOFING
MEMBRANE
PVC waterproofing membrane is a modern roofing material, which is made of high quality flexible
PVC waterproofing membrane (PVC = Polyvinyl Chloride). PVC membranes have a wide range of
benefits for any industrial, commercial or residential building, the most important being saving
thousands in remediation, repairs, maintenance, or replacement over the expected lifespan of the
building.
If PVC sheet membrane products are installed
correctly, they will provide long term waterproofing
protection. These membranes can also be installed
over damp substrates due to the water vapor
transmission properties that are exhibited by these
products.
Depending on the application area there are
reinforced and unreinforced membranes. Reinforced
waterproofing membrane has a reinforcing base in
the form of polyester mesh or glass fiber and it is
used for waterproofing of roofs. Reinforced
membranes have increased durability. Unreinforced
membranes are more flexible, have high tear
resistance and are used for waterproofing of
underground structures, tunnels, swimming pools.
SPECIFICATIONS OF PVC
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE
-strength;
-elasticity and tightness;
-atmosphere and chemical resistance;
-vapor permeability at 100% water resistance;
-resistance to wind loads;
-frost-proof;
-resistant to changes in temperature;
-precision in the execution of complex elements;
-resistance to the movements of structural elements of buildings;
-resistance to oxidation and UV rays;
-high durability;
-fast to mount;
-fire resistant;
-diversity of colors.
-PVC membranes are the most environmentally friendly choice. PVC
waterproofing membranes are also recyclable, even after many years of use.
DISADVANTAGES
Requires high skill level and special tools
Difficult to bond tiles to turn-up of membrane if exposed(masonry wall
application)
Correct termination of upturn is critical
USES
tunnel
roof waterproofing systems.
In flat roofs, besides low-sloped roofs,
upon the shower base
Building foundation and wall waterproofing
Waterproofing of underground galleries
Ballasted Roofs
Wet areas
Hangar and planking
Concrete Roofs
Swimming pools
INSTALLATION OF PVC WATERPROOFING
MEMBRANE
After preparation of the basis the sheet of drainage geotextiles is laid.
Then the roof is further insulated with foam polystyrene or basalt wool.
Then you can start the installation of the membrane coating. For
waterproofing of structures with PVC membrane special hot air
welding machine and building dryers are used. Welding is carried out
by hot air using automatic equipment which optimizes the temperature,
speed and pressing force. Welding with the manual dryer is applied at
the junctions and at the places where use of machines is not possible.
This technology of bonding the two waterproofing sheets ensures
reliability of the seam and fully sealed surface. The average service life
of PVC membrane is 30 years, depending on the manufacturer and the
quality of installation. Mounting of the PVC waterproofing is carried
out in a single layer, which has a positive effect on the cost of the
work. Another advantage of the PVC membrane is that the installation
can be performed in wet and frosty weather. For contiguity of the PVC
membrane, a special laminated plate is used. Lamination is carried out
by spraying of the PVC on the metal surface. When welding the
membrane to the laminated sheet we obtain an unbreakable monolith.
PRICE
1. INDIA MART 3. ALIBABA
WIDTH- 2METER THICKNESS- 1.2MM
MIN. THICKNESS- 0.5 MM L AND W- 20M AND 2M
MAX THICKNESS- 2MM PRICE- 10-99 SQ.M= $4.10
PRICE- RS. 100 PER SQUARE METER 100-999 SQ.M=$3.80
Application: Artificial lakes/ponds, Aqua Farming, >=1000SQ.M=$3.60
Irrigation Canals, Sewage Treatment Plants,
Overhead Water Tank Liner, Tunnel Waterproofing, etc.
2. CONNECT2INDIA
COLOR- BLACK
THICKNESS- 2-6 MM
ROLL LENGTH- 15M
AVG PRICE- RS. 90/ SQ, METER
ANALYSIS
PVC membranes don’t need any curing time to become waterproof and their thickness will always
be consistent throughout the entire application. PVC sheet membranes protect structures
immediately after their installation and finishes can be applied over them immediately. Due to its
structure, the PVC membrane is very strong and simultaneously flexible material which is resistant
to precipitation, ultra-violet radiation, capable to withstand heavy surface and tensile loads.,
especially considering that such materials need constant maintenance and repair.
Membrane roofing is good for covering flat roofs. Thanks to the additional usable space on such
roofs it is possible to arrange a place for recreation and entertainment, they are covered with a
carpet of vegetation. Here the membrane covering of the roof is simply irreplaceable. PVC
waterproofing membrane can serve for almost fifty years without losing its reliability and positive
characteristics.
Usually, the price of PVC sheet waterproofing products is slightly more expensive than other
waterproofing membranes but choosing a PVC waterproofing membrane such as Wolfin will protect
your asset for the long term, avoiding costly and unpleasant remediation and will buy you many
years of peace of mind.
CASE STUDY-LOCAL
(AMANKORA PARO)
PROJECT DETAILS
Name :Amankora Paro
Location : Paro, Bhutan
Year : 2004
Architects : Kerry Hills Architects( Won the international Architecture Award at the 2011
National Architecture Awards)
D.P.C employed: Cementitious coating (SikaTop Seal-107KH)
SIKATOP SEAL-207
Two-component, polymer-modified, cementitious waterproofing and protective slurry mortar
for concrete. It is slightly flexible to tolerate fine cracks and suitable in both interior and
exterior applications.
Improves the watertightness of water-containing concrete tanks, reservoirs, and clearwells.
Protects against water penetration, yet water vapor permeable (breathable).
Excellent freeze/thaw resistance.
APPLICATIONS
Horizontal surfaces subjected to light foot traffic: Balconies
For waterproofing of drinking water, tanks, reservoirs, and clearwells
For internal and external damp proofing concrete, mortar blockwork and brickwork
For sealing hairline cracks
Basements
Vertical surfaces
ON SITE APPLICATION
IN AMAN HOTELS
PROPERTIES
Protects against water penetration, yet water vapour permeable(breathable)
Excellent freeze/thaw resistance
Easy and fast mixing and application good abrasion resistance
Protects against concrete carbonation
Can be mixed to slurry or trowel able consistency
Improves surface appearance
Available in white and grey
PRODUCT DETAILS
1.Sika Top Seal 107 Waterproof Coating, For Industrial Use-₹ 250/ Kg
Usage/Application Industrial Use
Types Masonry
Surface of Application Concrete
Form Liquid
Brand Sika Chemicals
Minimum Order Quantity 10 Kg
2.Sika Chemicals POWDER AND LIQUID Sikatop Seal 107 Waterproofing Chemical, Packaging Size: 25 KG-
₹320/ Kilogram
Brand Sika Chemicals
Usage/Application WATERPROOFING
Packaging
Size
25
KG
Category Cementitious Waterproofing
Type WATERPROOFING COATING
Density Comp (A+B) = 2.0 kg/I (mixed)
SWOT ANALYSIS
1.Strength: good abrasion resistance and also protects against concrete carbonation making it
suitable for both internal and external use.
2.Weakness: the liquid mix should be protected from frost
Opportunity: serve as an example of Sikatop seal used for damp proofing in large scale
constructions.
Threat: contains chemicals like H317,H335 and H371 which can cause
skin allergy, respiratory irritation and cancer on inhalation.
CONCLUSION
Sikatop seal 107 has been extensively used in all the AMAN hotel chains built in Bhutan
owing to its advantages and application over weighing its negative impact on the health of the
worker.
This material is very easy to use and is applicable in all climatic conditions making it very
suitable and easy to work with.
It has the advantage over other materials in damp proofing as it can be used for both
the internal and external damp proofing.
It is very economical with prices ranging from 65-240 per kg .
NEW YAS MARINA HOTEL AT THE F1 CIRQUIT IN
ABU DHABI TERRACE WATERPROOFING CASE
STUDY
PROJECT DETAILS
Packaging
MARISEAL® 710 is supplied in 17 kg and 5 kg pails
CONSTRUCTION OF W ABU
DHABI
SWOT ANALYSIS
Strength:
MARISEAL® 710 is a transparent, rigid, deep penetrating, one component, quick
drying polyurethane prime
Opportunity:
Provides excellent thermal, weather and UV resistance and has high sun
reflectivity
Weakness:
MARISEAL ® 710 requires special care lot of pre-works
Threat:
Heavy impacts destroy the cohesion of the concrete surface and lower its stability
CONCLUSION
MARISEAL® 710 has been extensively used in waterproofing the W Abu Dhabi at
the F1 Cirquit Yas island, Abu Dhabi
The material has a simple application and provides excellent anchoring to the surface
of absorbing surfaces
Its an economical purchase with the price of Rs. 43 for 17 kg