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Hypertension & Congestif Heart Failure
Hypertension & Congestif Heart Failure
&
Congestif Heart Failure
Hypertension
• Hypertension doubles the risk of
cardiovascular diseases, including coronary
heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure
(CHF), ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, renal
failure, and peripheral arterial disease.
RISK FACTORS
TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE
Patofsiologi
CLASSIFICATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE
ORAL ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS
Goals of Therapy
Braunwald E. Heart Failure.In:Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL(editor),Harrison’s Principle of Internal Medicine.
15th edition. McGrawHill:NewYork
ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult. Circulation
2005;112:1825-52
THE FRAMINGHAM HEART
STUDY CRITERIA
Major criteria Minor criteria
1. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Ankle edema
2. Neck vein distention Night cough
3. Ralles Hepatomegaly
4. Cardiomegaly Pleural effusion
5. Acute pulmonary oedema Vital capacity reduced by one-third from predicted
6. S3 gallop Tachycardia(≥ 120)
7. Increased venous pressure(>16
cm)
8. Circulation time≥ 25 s
9. Hepatojugular reflux positive
Definite CHF
Two major criteria or one major criteria and two minor criteria
Etiologi
• Abnormalitas miokard (infark miokard), kontraksi
yang tidak terkoordinasi (left bundle branch block),
berkurangnya kontraktilitas (kardiomiopati)
• Overload (hipertensi)
• Abnormalitas katup
• Abnormalitas ritme jantung (takikardi)
• Abnormalitas perikard atau efusi perikard
(tamponade)
• Kelainan kongenital jantung
STAGING GAGAL JANTUNG
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association