NEUROLOGICAL

DISORDERS
BY
GROUP#13
21017114-048,21017114-053,
21017114-054,21017114-014
 NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
Any disorder of the nervous system
 Structural, biochemical or electrical
abnormalities
 In the brain, Spinal cord or other
nerves
 Examples of symptoms include
paralysis, muscle weakness, poor
coordination, loss of sensation,
seizures, confusion, pain and altered
levels of consciousness
CLASSIFICATION OF NEUROLOGICAL
DISORDERS

According to
 the primary type of dysfunction involved
 the primary type of cause
The Merck Manuals lists brain, spinal cord and nerve disorders in the
following overlapping categories:
Brain (Brain damage according to cerebral lobe, Brain dysfunction according
to type)
Spinal cord disorders
Peripheral neuropathy and other Peripheral nervous system disorders
Cranial nerve disorder (such as Trigeminal neuralgia)
Autonomic nervous system disorders (such as dysautonomia, multiple system
atrophy)
Seizure disorders (such as epilepsy)
Movement disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system (such as
Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
Sleep disorders (such as narcolepsy)
Neuropsychiatric illnesses (Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease,
multiple sclerosis)
 BRAIN DISORDERS

Brain damage according to cerebral lobe

 Frontal lobe damage
 Parietal lobe damage
 Temporal lobe damage
 Occipital lobe damage
 SPINAL CORD DISORDERS
Spinal cord disorders are conditions that cause damage and
deterioration to the spinal cord. These conditions may include:
 Tumors
 Spinal stenosis
 Herniated discs
 Hematoma
 Vertebral fractures
 Degenerative disc disease
Vertebral fractures Degenerative disc disease
The spinal cord is divided into four
areas, any of which can be affected
by spinal cord disorders. These
areas include:
 Cervical (neck)
 Lumbar (upper back region)
 Thoracic (lower back region)
 Sacral (pelvis)
Symptoms of Spinal Cord Disorders
 Weakness or paralysis of limbs
 Loss of sensation
 Changes in reflexes
 Loss of urinary or bowel control
 Uncontrolled muscle spasms
 Back pain
Causes of a Spinal Cord Disorders
Damage from inside the spinal cord can be caused by a number of
disorders, such as:
 Fluid-filled cavities
 Blockage of blood supply
 Vitamin deficiency
 Autoimmune diseases
 Multiple sclerosis
Diagnosis of Spinal Cord Disorders
 X-rays to check for fractures or tumors
 Spine MRI or Spine CT scan to show areas of pressure on the spinal
canal.
 Myelography to determine location and presence of abnormalities of
the spinal cord.
 Electromyogram to determine the exact nerve root that is involved
Treating Spinal Cord Disorders
Treatment for spinal cord disorders may include:
 Physical or occupational therapy
 Activity modification
 Surgery when necessary