ANATOMY AND

PHYSIOLOGY
B Y: E D U A R D A D R I A N C .
M A N U E L R . N L FA
An Overview of Anatomy

Anatomy - The study of the structure of the human

body
Physiology - The study of body function
Systemic v. Regional Anatomy

Systemic – study of anatomy by system

Evaluates the body by defined systems: Integumentary, musculoskeletal,
nervous, endocrine, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive,
lymphatic systems
Regional – study of anatomy by region
Organises the body into defined parts: Upper limb, lower limb, trunk and
back, thorax, abdomen and pelvis, head and neck, neuroanatomy
Integumentary System
The integumentary system is the largest organ of the body that forms a physical barrier
between the external environment and the internal environment that it serves to
protect and maintain. The integumentary system includes the epidermis, dermis,
hypodermis, associated glands, hair, and nails.
The Skeletal System

The skeletal system works as a support structure for your body. It gives the body its shape,
allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for organs and stores
minerals. The skeletal system is also called the musculoskeletal system.
206 BONES
CALCIUM RICH FOOD
The Muscular System

You have more than 600 muscles in your body.

Some muscles help you move, lift or sit still.

Others help you digest food,

breathe or see.

Your heart is a muscle that pumps blood through your body.

Many injuries and diseases can affect how the muscles work.
To keep your muscles strong, maintain a healthy weight, eat

 right and exercise regularly.

Causes of muscle disorders include:
•Injury or overuse, such as sprains or strains, cramps or tendinitis

•A genetic disorder, such as muscular dystrophy

•Some cancers

•Inflammation, such as myositis

•Infections

•Certain medicines

Sometimes the cause of muscle disorders is unknown.

The Nervous System

The nervous system transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body,
including internal organs. In this way, the nervous system's activity controls the ability to
move, breathe, see, think, and more. The basic unit of the nervous system is a nerve cell, or
neuron.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ( BRAIN, SPINAL CORD)

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ( SOMATIC, AUTONOMIC)

Somatic- The somatic nervous system plays a vital role in initiating and controlling the movements of
your body. The system is responsible for nearly all voluntary muscle movements, as well as for
processing sensory information that arrives via external stimuli, including hearing, touch, and sight

AUTONOMIC- The autonomic nervous system regulates a variety of involuntary body processes that

take place, including heartbeat, blood flow, breathing, body temperature, and emotion response.
The Endocrine System

The endocrine system, made up of all the body's different hormones, regulates all biological
processes in the body from conception through adulthood and into old age, including the
development of the brain and nervous system, the growth and function of the reproductive
system, as well as the metabolism and blood sugar ...
The Cardiovascular System

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Its primary
function is to transport nutrients and oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body and to carry
deoxygenated blood back to the lungs.
The Lymphatic System

LIKE A SEWAGE SYSTEM ( REMOVING UNWANTED TOXINS, WASTE, EXCESS WATER,)

3 MAIN DUTY

- CONTAINS WBC ( LYMPHOCYTES) FOR FIGHTING INFECTION

- TRANSFORTING BODY FLUIDS TO THE BODY TISSUE TO THE BLOOD CIRCULATION

- RID WASTE PRODUCT

85 % PASSENGER RETURN TO BLOOD

15 % GO TO LYMPHATIC (LYMPH) PROTEIN, FATS , IMMUNE CELLS, EXTRA FLUID)

NORMAL JOURNEY OF FLUID IN
BLOOD
BLOOD > TISSUES > lymph OR > BLOOD HEART
The Respiratory System

Keeps blood supplied with oxygen

Removes carbon dioxide

Gas exchange occurs through walls of air sacs in the lungs

The Digestive System

Breaks down food into absorbable units

Indigestible foodstuffs eliminated as feces
The Urinary System

The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. This system filters
your blood, removing waste and excess water. This waste becomes urine. The most common
urinary issues are bladder infections and urinary tract infections
Reproductive System

The tissues, glands, and organs involved in producing offspring (children). In women,
the reproductive system includes the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus, the cervix, and
the vagina. In men, it includes the prostate, the testes, and the penis.