kiÓm tra mèi hµn

 §Þnh nghÜa  Qui tr×nh chung

 Qu¸ tr×nh hµn  Butt Joint - Single Vee
 ThiÕt kÕ kiÓu nèi  Butt Joint -Double
 ChuÈn bÞ mÐp Vee
 ThuËt ng÷ vïng hµn  T-Joint
 C¸c bÊt liªn tôc mèi  Nozzle, T,K,Y Joints
hµn
 ®Þnh nghÜa
 Qu¸ tr×nh luyÖn kim kÕt nèi hai hoÆc
nhiÒu thµnh phÇn víi nhau b»ng nhiÖt,
hoÆc ¸p suÊt, hoÆc c¶ hai, cã vËt liÖu bæ
xung hoÆc kh«ng.
 Yªu cÇu c¸c bÒ mÆt kÕt nèi ph¶i:
- GÇn ®Õn ph¹m vi nguyªn tö
- S¹ch ®Õn ph¹m vi nguyªn tö
 qu¸ tr×nh hµn
 Cã nhiÒu c¸ch thøc ®Ó thùc hiÖn viÖc kÕt
nèi nµy: c¸c qu¸ tr×nh hµn
 C¸c qu¸ tr×nh hµn cã thÓ ®­îc ph©n lo¹i
theo nhiÒu c¸ch, trong ®ã, theo nguån n¨ng
l­îng cung cÊp lµ mét c¸ch phæ biÕn ®­îc
dïng ®èi víi c¸c ®èi t­îng thùc hµnh
qu¸ tr×nh hµn
 hå quang  SMAW
 ®iÖn trë  SAW
 khÝ h÷u c¬  FCAW
 laser  GMAW-MIG
 ®iÖn tö  GTAW-TIG
 siªu ©m  ESW
 ma s¸t....  STUD
 SMAW-MMA
Voû boïc ñieän cöïc

Dây loõi
ñieän cöïc
Hoà quang ñieän
Xæ ñoâng cöùng
Beã kim loaïi noùng chaûy

Khí baûo veä

Caùc lôùp haøn tích tuï

Ñoä xuyeân thaáu

Kim loaïi cô baûn

 SAW

Filler wire spool Flux hopper

Power supply Slide rail

- +

Wire electrode
Flux
 GMAW-MAG-MIG
Wire electrode
Current conductor
Wire feed
rolls

Gas nozzle Shielding gas in

Gas shield
Electric Arc Contact tip and
electrode wire guild
Molten weld pool Build up of weld metal
Penetration

Parent material
 GTAW-TIGCap

Switch Switch
Handle power
Filler wire cable
Collet

Deposited weld metal

Non-consumable electrode
Shielding gas Gas
inlet
&
power
Molten weld pool cable
FCAW
Flux core
Insulated extension nozzle

Current carrying guild tube

Wire joint

Flux cored hollow wire

Flux powder

Molten
weld Metal droplets covered
pool
with thin slag coating
 ESW
Consumable-Guide Non Consumable-Guide
Electrode
Feed Rolls Electrode Wire
Electrode Wire
Electrode
Guide Tube Feed Rolls
Drive Unit
Molten Slag
Bath Electrod
e Guide
Copper
Shoe Copper Shoe
Solid Solid
Weld Weld
Metal Metal
More suitable for short weld lengths More suitable for longer weld lengths
and mechanically simpler. Can also be and mechanically more complicated.
used in portable models.
 c¸c lo¹i mèi hµn

Compound Fillet Butt

Edge Spot Plug

kiÓu ghÐp nèi

Edge Corner Lap

Tee Butt
 ChuÈn bÞ mÐp

Angle of
bevel

Root
Radius

Root Face Root Face

Root Gap Root Gap

Single -V Butt Single - U Butt

 ChuÈn bÞ mÐp
Angle of Angle of
bevel bevel

Root
Radius

Root Face Root Gap Root Face

Root Gap Land

Single Bevel Butt Single J Butt

 ChuÈn bÞ mÐp Square Edged,
butt-joint Open and Closed

 Single Vee, Butt and Bevel

 Double Vee, Butt and Bevel

thuËt ng÷ vïng hµn
Weld zone

Weld metal Heat affected

zone

Root Weld Junction

 c¸c ®Æc tr­ng mèi hµn ®èi ®Çu
Weld cap width

Excess root penetration Root bead width

c¸c ®Æc tr­ng mèi hµn ®èi ®Çu
2 2 9

8 9 6
2
3 2
4
1
7 53 4
1
2 2 7
10
c¸c ®Æc tr­ng mèi hµn ®èi ®Çu

1. Weld metal 6. Cap width

2. Weld toes (cap and 7. Plate thickness

root)
8. Weld length
3. Weld zone
9. Parent material
4. Cap reinforcement
10. Weld root
5. Weld junction
c¸c ®Æc tr­ng mèi hµn fillet

W
el
d
fa
Vertical leg

ce
length

Design throat
thickness

Horizontal leg length

 c¸c ®Æc tr­ng mèi hµn fillet

10
4
9
7
2 5

3 8
1

6
kÝch th­íc mèi hµn fillet

a = Actual throat thickness

z = Design throat thickness
b = Leg length
b = Material thickness
z = 0.7 of b

z
b a
 h×nh d¹ng mèi hµn fillet

Mitre fillet Convex fillet

Concave fillet
bÊt liªn tôc mèi hµn
 BÊt liªn tôc bÒ mÆt:
- nøt
- h×nh d¹ng (contour)
- bÊt th­êng (irregularities)
- ch©n
 bÊt liªn tôc mèi hµn
 BÊt liªn tôc l¾p r¸p (set-up)
 BÊt liªn tôc kim lo¹i c¬ b¶n(base metal)
 BÊt liªn tôc bªn trong:
- Nøt
- Kh«ng ngÊu
- Kh«ng thÊu
- ngËm xØ
- rç/rçng
 TWI
Cracks

Longitudinal parent metal crack Transverse weld metal crack

Longitudinal weld metal crack Lamellar tearing

Surface irregularities
overlap undercut
Surface irregularities
overlap undercut
Surface irregularities
 Contour Defects

Incomplete filled groove Poor cap profile

Incomplete filled groove Excessive cap height

+ Lack of sidewall fusion
Excessive root penetration
 Root Defects

Incomplete root fusion Incomplete root penetration

Concave root Concave root

 Root Defects

Burn Through

Burn through
 Root Defects

Lack of root fusion Lack of root Penetration

 Set-up Irregularities

Linear Misalignment
(Hi-Lo)

Poor fit-up

Angular Misalignment
Linear Misalignment
 Parent Material Defects

Mechanical damage Lap

Lamination

Segregation line
Plate Lamination
 Solid Inclusions

Slag inclusions Lack of sidewall

fusion with
associated slag

Parallel slag lines

 Gas Cavities
Herringbone porosity
Gas pore Cluster porosity

Blow hole Root piping

Gas Cavities

Root piping

Porosity
 Miscellaneous Defects

Arc strike Spatter

bÊt liªn tôc mèi hµn