Geography of

Pakistan
 Political map of Pakistan
Provinces: Special areas:
1. Baluchistan 5. ICT(Islamabad capital
territory
2. K.P.K
6. FATA
3. Punjab 7. FANA(Gilgit Bultistan)
4. Sindh 8. AJK(12700 km,7 districts)
 Islamabad
• 1959_______foundation laid
• 1963________city completed
• Area_________906 sq.km
 FATA
• Buffer b/w Pakistan and Afghanistan.
• It has 7 agencies.
1. Bajaur
2. Mohmand
3. Khyber
4. Kurram
5. Orakzai
6. North Waziristan
7. South Waziristan
FATA & Afghan provinces
FATA
 Gilgit Baltistan

• It includes Ghizar,Gilgit,Diamar,Skardu and

Ghanche districts.
• World’s three famous mountain ranges meet
here -the Hamaliyas,the Karakorams,the
Hindukash.
• The whole area is known as paradise for
tourists.
• Seven Districts &Three divisions
PUNJAB(9 Divisions 36 Districts.)
Sindh (23 districts)
K.P.K(24 districts)
 Baluchistan(32 districts)
• No mountain, so Baluchistan is a plateau.
 Azad Jammu Kashmir
• Disputed territory.(UNO)
• Economy is pre dominantly agriculture.
• Leepa valley is most fascinating valley in
Azad Kashmir
AJK
Ethnic group
 Pakistan land borders (total 6,974 km)
• Afghanistan: Durand line,( 2643 km )
• Tajikistan: Wakhan Corridor:
• China: 523 km
• India: 2,912 km,
• Iran :909 km
• Coastline: 1,046 km
 Coastal area (1,046 km )
coastline of Pakistan:
Arabian sea
important coastal areas:
Karachi, Ormarah, Pasni and Gwader.
Sea ports:
Karachi and Bin Qasim.
West of Karachi, Gwadar, it will serve as a major
hub of economic activities for CARs.
Physical Pakistan
Mountains
 Mountains
Reasons:
1. Volcanic
2. Tectonic
 Mountain Ranges
Famous mountain ranges of Pakistan are
Himalayas, Karakoram, Hindu Kush,
Suleiman, Toba Kakar, Kirthar and Salt
range. 
1) Mountainous North
2) Koh-e-Sufaid and Waziristan Hills
3) Suleiman and Kirthar Mountains
4) Baluchistan Plateau
5) Pothohar Plateau and the Salt Ranges
Gasherbrum I : (26,470 ft )
(11th highest in the world)
 Glaciers
1-Siachin : 75 km
2-Baltora : 62 km
3-Batura : 55 km
 Northern Mountains
1. The Himalayas
2. The Karakorum
3. The Hindu Kush Range
4. The Suleiman
• form the northern and western borders of
Pakistan. Eight of the world's ten highest peaks
are to be found here, including Mount Godwin-
Austen-K2 -which, at 28,250 feet (8,610 metres),
bows only to mighty Everest in earth' s struggle to
reach up to the skies.
Nanga Parbat- 26,660 ft
(8th highest in the world)
 Koh-e-Safaid and Waziristan Hills
Koh-e-Safaid
(3,600m )
• commonly covered with snow.
• Sikeram, the highest peak in Koh-e-Safaid
Ranges rises to 4,760 m.
• Waziristan Hills:
• ranges from 1,500 and 3,000 m.
 Sulaiman and Kirthar Mountains
(600 m )
Highest Peaks
• Takht-e-Sulaiman (3,487 m)
• Takatu (3,470m)
Pothohar Plateau and the Salt Ranges
 Northern boundary is formed by the Kala
Chita ranges and the Margala hills.
 Southern boundary by the salt ranges.
 The main Pothohar plateau 300 - 600 m
high.
 Extends from Jhelum river up to kalabagh
 Sakesar peak (1,527 m) is the highest point
of the salt ranges.
 Balochistan Plateau
1. Located west of sulaiman-kirthar mountains.
2.Its western part is the makran coast range
(600 m). The central makran range (900 -
1200 m).
3.The highest peak is ras koh, 3010 m.
 Deserts

1) Kharan(Baluchistan)
2) Thal(Punjab)
3) Thar (Punjab-Sindh):Rajpotana in India,
 Cholistan ,Rohi -Punjab
 Nara -upper Sindh
 Tharparkar -lower Sindh
 Rivers in Pakistan
NWFP BALUCHISTAN
• Indus • Hangol
• Kabul • Nari
• Swat • Bolan
• Chitral • Dasht
• Zhob
• Mula
• Panjkora
• Rakhshan
• Gormal
• Pashin lora
• kurram
 Conti…
Punjab Sindh
• Jehlum • Hub
• Che • Mir nadi
• nab • Arl nadi
• Ravi • Malir nadi
• Sutlej
• beyas
 Major Rivers

· The Indus : 1,800 miles

· Jhelum : 513 miles
· Chenab : 772 miles
· Ravi : 560 miles
· Sutlej : 964 miles
· Beas : 247 miles
 Indus River
• The Indus River, rises in Tibet from a spring
known as 'The Mouth of the Lion'. It flows
down through the Karakoram Mountains to
enter the northern areas of Pakistan
 Barrages and headwork's
Indus Ravi
• Balloki
• Chasma
• Sidhnai
• Guddu • Chenab:
• Jinnah • Khanki
• Kotri • Marala
• Sukkur • Qaudirabad
• Trimmu
• Taunsa • Jehlum:
• Sutlej: • rasol
• Sulemanki • Trimmu
• islam
 Major dams:
Pakistan has two major river dams:
• Tarbela Dam on the Indus,
• Mangla Dam on the Jhelum,
• Warsak Dam on the Kabul
• Rawal Dam
These dams, along with a series of head
works and barrages irrigate cultivable land.
 Tarbela Dam(1976)
• World's largest earth-filled - the Indus
• Biggest hydel power station in
Pakistan(3,478 MW) .
 Mangla Dam
• World's third largest earth-filled dam
• South-east of Rawalpindi
• 3,353 meters long
• 116 meters high
 Link canals
1) Rasul (jehlum)_________qadirabad(Chinab)
2) Qadirabad chinab_______balloki (ravi)
3) balloki (ravi)___________sulaimanki (Sutlej)
4) Chasma(indus)__________jehlum
5) Trimmu(indus)__________sindhnaj (Ravi)
6) Sindhani(ravi)__________mailsi-
bahawal(Sutlej)
7) Taunsa(indus)_________ the Punjnad.
 Transportation and communication in
Pakistan
Road network:
• There are nine highways and 9 motorways in
Pakistan. Total length of all types of roads is
259,758 km.
Railway network:
• Railway is built in plain areas. Total 808
railway stations, total length comprises of
7791 km.
 Pakistan airways:
• PIA begins in 1955.it offers worldwide
services and cover 80 destinations in 46
countries in four continents. It is also
operating at 38 domestic destinations.
Private sector:
• AeroAsia, Hajveri airlines, Shaheen and
Bahoja airlines operating on both domestic
and international airlines.
 Agriculture in Pakistan
• About 67% population is living in rural areas, and 50% of
labor force is involved in farming, livestock and agro based
industries.
• Total area of Pakistan is 80 million hectares.
• 25.2% is cultivated area.
• 10% is culturally waste.
• 3.6%is under forests.
• Remaining 60% area is desert.
 Two main cropping seasons: RABI and
KHARIF
Food crops: Non food crops: (cash crops)
• Wheat • Cotton
• Rice • Sugarcane
• Maize • Tobacco
• Grains • Rape seed
• Grams • Mustered
• Pulses • sesame
• In production of wheat Pakistan is ranked 11th
in world, 4th in Asia.
• Cotton is the most important cash crop and
contributes in 2% in GDP.
• Pakistan is fourth in largest cotton growing
country of the world.
Climate:
• mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest;
arctic in north .
Terrain:
• flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and
northwest; Baluchistan plateau in west.
Natural resources :
• land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited
petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper,
salt, limestone .
 Environment
• current issues:
• water pollution from raw sewage,
• industrial wastes,
• agricultural runoff;
• limited natural fresh water resources; a
majority of the population does not have
access to potable water;
• deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
 Natural Hazards
Frequent earthquakes:
Occasionally severe especially in north and
west.
Flooding :
Along the Indus after heavy rains
(July and August)
Flood affected areas in Pakistan
INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES

1. Status of Kashmir with India

2. Border question with Afghanistan (Durand
Line)
4. Water-sharing problems (wullar barrage)
over the Indus with upstream Riparian India
Kashmir
 Energy Resources
• Energy Resources

· WAPDA's Total Capacity : 11,246 MW

· KESC : 173 MW
· Nuclear : 1,801 MW
· Hubco : 1.292 MW
· Hydel : 4,825 MW
· Thermal : 6,421 MW
· Mangla : 1,000 MW
· Tarbela : 3,478 MW
· Warsak : 240 MW
· Per Capita Energy Consumption : 300 MW
Gas pipeline routes
The End