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To Vector Line Integral: A Project Report
To Vector Line Integral: A Project Report
A Project Report
Seminar Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the PART of
the degree of B.E. Engineering under
VTU
BY
B KIRAN
USN : 2LG21CS005
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
JULU-2022
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Seminar entitled Introduction to vector line Integral
B KIRAN
USN: 2LG21CS005
Abstract
Theme of the Project,
In mathematics, a line integral is an integral where the function to be
integrated is evaluated along a curve. The terms path integral, curve
integral, and curvilinear integral are also used; contour integral is used
as well, although that is typically reserved for line integrals in the
complex plane.
Name: BKIRAN
USN: 2LG21CS005
Semester: 2nd SEM
Branch: COMPUTER SCIENCE
1. Introduction
A line integral (sometimes called a path integral) is the integral of some
function along a curve. One can integrate a scalar-valued function along a
curve, obtaining for example, the mass of a wire from its density. One can also
integrate a certain type of vector-valued functions along a curve. These
vector-valued functions are the ones where the input and output dimensions
are the same, and we usually represent them as vector fields.
*line integral;
GRAPH;
APPLICATION OF LINE INTEGRAL
criculation = ∫ F → .dr →
c
suppose F → (x,y,z) = F1 i + F2 j + F3 k
Is a vector point function defined and continuous along the curve “c”
if r →= xi + y J + 2k then
dr → = dx i + d y + dz k
Solution: we have ,
since, x = t, y = t2 , z = t3
dx = dt dy = 2tdt dz = 3t2dt
∫ F.dr = ∫ (t3+5t6) dt
= t4/4 + 5t7/7
= ∫ F.dr = 10/7
2. Evaluate : ∫F.dr where F = xyi + (x2 + y2) j along,
(a) The path of the straight line from (0,0) to (1,0) and to (1,1)
(b) The straight line joining the origin and (1,2
solution;
F = xyi + (x2+y2)j
dr = dxi + dyj + dzk
F.dr = xydx + (x2 + y2) dy -------------1
Along oA ;
∫F.dr = 0
Along AB, x = 1 0 ≤ y ≤ 1
dx = 0
∫F dr = ∫ (1+y2) dy
y-0 = 2-0 = y = 2
x-0 1-0 x
→ y = 2x
dy = 2dx
From eqn. 1
= ∫x2xdx + ( x2 + 4x2) dx
= ∫ x2xdx + ( x2 + 4 X2) dx
=∫ 2x2 + 10 x2).dx
= ∫ 2x2 dx
= 12 x3/3 = 12/3-0
12/3 = 4
3.Evaluate ∫C→F⋅d→r∫CF→⋅dr→ where →F(x,y)=y2→i+(3x−6y)→jF→(x,y)=y2i→+
(3x−6y)j→ and CC is the line segment from (3,7)(3,7) to (0,12)(0,12).
Solution ;
→F(→r(t))=(7+5t)2→i+(3(3−3t)
−6(7+5t))→j=(7+5t)2→i+(−33−39t)→j
The derivative of the parameterization is,
→r′(t)=⟨−3,5⟩
Finally, the dot product of the vector field and the derivative of the
parameterization.
→F(→r(t))⋅→r′(t)=−3(7+5t)2−5(33+39t)
Now all we need to do is evaluate the integral.
∫C→F⋅d→r=∫10−3(7+5t)2−5(33+39t)dt
=[−15(7+5t)3−165t−1952t2]∣∣∣10
= −1079/2
4.Evaluate ∫C→F⋅d→r∫CF→⋅dr→ where →F(x,y)=xy→i+(1+3y)→jF→(x,y)=xyi→+
(1+3y)j→ and CC is the line segment from (0,−4)(0,−4) to (−2,−4)
(−2,−4) followed by portion of y=−x2y=−x2 from x=−2x=−2 to x=2x=2 which is in
turn followed by the line segment from (2,−4)(2,−4) to (5,1)(5,1). See the sketch
below.
solution;
The parameterization of each curve is,
C1:→r(t)=(1−t)⟨0,−4⟩+t⟨−2,−4⟩=⟨−2t,−4⟩0≤t≤1
C2:→r(t)=⟨t,−t2⟩−2≤t≤2C2:r→(t)=⟨t,−t2⟩−2≤t≤2
C3:→r(t)=(1−t)⟨2,−4⟩+t⟨5,1⟩=⟨2+3t,
−4+5t⟩0≤t≤1C3:r→(t)=(1−t)
⟨2,−4⟩+t⟨5,1⟩=⟨2+3t,−4+5t⟩0≤t≤1
Now we need to compute the line integral for each of the curves. In the
first few problems in this section we evaluated the vector function
along the curve, took the derivative of the parameterization and
computed the dot product separately. For this problem we’ll be doing
all that work in the integral itself.
Here is the line integral for each of the curves.
∫C1→F⋅d→r=∫10⟨(−2t)(−4),1+3(−4)⟩⋅⟨−2,0⟩dt
=∫10−16tdt=(−8t2)∣∣10=−8
∫C2→F⋅d→r=∫2−2⟨(t)(−t2),1+3(−t2)⟩⋅⟨1,−2t⟩dx
=∫2−25t3−2tdt=(54t4−t2)∣∣∣2−2=0
∫C3→F⋅d→r=∫10⟨(2+3t)(−4+5t),1+3(−4+5t)⟩⋅⟨3,5⟩dt
=∫1045t2+69t−79dt=(15t3+692t2−79t)∣∣∣10=−59
we need to do is add up the line integrals over these curves to get the
full line integral.
∫C→F⋅d→r=(−8)+(0)+(−592)=−75/2
5.Evaluate ∫C→F⋅d→r∫CF→⋅dr→ where →F(x,y)=(x+y)→i+(1−x)→jF→(x,y)=(
x+y)i→+(1−x)j→ and CC is the portion of x24+y29=1x24+y29=1 that is in the
4th quadrant with the counter clockwise rotation.
solution;
→F(→r(t))=(2cos(t)+3sin(t))→i+(1−2cos(t))→j
The derivative of the parameterization is,
→r′(t)=⟨−2sin(t),3cos(t)⟩r→′(t)=⟨−2sin(t),3cos(t)⟩
Finally, the dot product of the vector field and the derivative of the
parameterization.
→F(→r(t))⋅→r′(t)=(2cos(t)+3sin(t))(−2sin(t))+(1−2cos(t))(3cos(t))
→F(→r(t))⋅→r′(t)=(2cos(t)+3sin(t))(−2sin(t))+(1−2cos(t))(3cos(t))
=−4cos(t)sin(t)−6[sin2(t)+cos2(t)]+3cos(t)
=−2sin(2t)+3cos(t)−6
Now all we need to do is evaluate the integral.
∫C→F⋅d→r=∫2π32π−2sin(2t)+3cos(t)−6dt
=[cos(2t)+3sin(t)−6t]|2π32π=5−3π