Introduction to vector line Integral

A Project Report
Seminar Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the PART of
the degree of B.E. Engineering under
VTU

BY

B KIRAN
USN : 2LG21CS005

Under the Guidance of

PROF.VIDHYA MADAM
(Designation, Dept. of Mathematics Engineering )

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLAGE TALKAL,KOPPAL

JULU-2022
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Seminar entitled Introduction to vector line Integral

presented by B KIRAN bearing USN. 2LG21CS005

of COMPUTER SCIENCE Engineering in has been completed successfully.

This is in partial fulfillment of the requirements PART of Bachelor Degree in

GOVT ENGINEERING COLLEGE TALKAL, KOPPALA

Under Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi

I wish her/ him success in all future

endeavors.

Prof. RAMAKRISHNA METRI

( Department of MATHEMATICS Engineering)
 Acknowledgements

I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my guide(s),

Prof.VIDHAYA (DEPT.OF MATHEMATICS ) support and continuous
encouragement throughout the seminar. Without his/her/their guidance and persistent
help this report would not have been possible.

I must acknowledge the faculties and staffs of DEPT.OF

MATHEMATICS. WE ALSO
thankful to our prof. Ramakrishna Metri. Its my great pleasure to acknowledge
my colleagues for providing me a guidance.

B KIRAN

DEPT.of COMPUTER SCIENCE Engineering

USN: 2LG21CS005
 Abstract
Theme of the Project,
In mathematics, a line integral is an integral where the function to be
integrated is evaluated along a curve. The terms path integral, curve
integral, and curvilinear integral are also used; contour integral is used
as well, although that is typically reserved for line integrals in the
complex plane.

Signature of the Student (S)

Name: BKIRAN
USN: 2LG21CS005
Semester: 2nd SEM
Branch: COMPUTER SCIENCE
1. Introduction
A line integral (sometimes called a path integral) is the integral of some
function along a curve. One can integrate a scalar-valued function along a
curve, obtaining for example, the mass of a wire from its density. One can also
integrate a certain type of vector-valued functions along a curve. These
vector-valued functions are the ones where the input and output dimensions
are the same, and we usually represent them as vector fields.

*line integral;

Consider a curve ‘ c ‘ in space with consisting of Infinite Number of Small line

Elements of length dr. Then the line integral of vector A(x,y,z) product of vector
A→ and dr→ and this is Represented by ∫c A → .dr →
•If c is closed curve it means that which not intersect, the time integral

Over the simple closed curve is denoted by ∫c A → .dr → .

GRAPH;
APPLICATION OF LINE INTEGRAL

* WORK DONE BY A FORCE

A Natural application Of line integral, is to defined the work done by a force
‘ F → ‘ in moving p1 to point p2

work done = p2 ∫ F → .dr →

p1

when F → denotes velocity of a fluid then the circulation of F→ around a

Around a closed curve c is defined by ,

criculation = ∫ F → .dr →
c

suppose F → (x,y,z) = F1 i + F2 j + F3 k

Is a vector point function defined and continuous along the curve “c”

if r →= xi + y J + 2k then
dr → = dx i + d y + dz k

F → .dr → F1dx + F2dy + F3 dz

*if curl F is zero ( F = 0)

then ∫ F → .dr → is indipendent of path

*if its circulation ∫ F → .dr → = 0

= F is irroational
PROMBLEMS ;
1. If F = xyi + yzj + zxk, evaluate ∫ F. dr where c is the curve represented by x=t
y = t2, y = t3 -1≤ t < 1

Solution: we have ,

F = xyi + yzJ + 2xk

dr = dxi + dyj + dzk

F . dr = xydx + yzdy + zxdz ----------→1

since, x = t, y = t2 , z = t3

dx = dt dy = 2tdt dz = 3t2dt

F.dr = tt2 dt + t2 t3 2tdt+t3. t3t2 dt

F. dr = (t3+2t6+3t6) dt = ( t3+ 5t6)dt

∫ F.dr = ∫ (t3+5t6) dt

= t4/4 + 5t7/7

= (1/4 + 5/7) - ( 1/4 – 5/7)

= 1/4 + 5/7 – 1/4 + 5/7

= 5/7 + 5/7 = 10/7

= ∫ F.dr = 10/7
2. Evaluate : ∫F.dr where F = xyi + (x2 + y2) j along,
(a) The path of the straight line from (0,0) to (1,0) and to (1,1)
(b) The straight line joining the origin and (1,2

solution;
F = xyi + (x2+y2)j
dr = dxi + dyj + dzk
F.dr = xydx + (x2 + y2) dy -------------1

Along oA ;

∫F.dr = 0

Along AB, x = 1 0 ≤ y ≤ 1
dx = 0
∫F dr = ∫ (1+y2) dy

= y + y3/3 = 1+ 1/3 - (0)= 4/3

∫F.dr = ∫ F.dr + ∫ F.dr -------------------- 4

substitute eqn. 2 & 3 in 4

∫f.dr = 0+4/3 = 4/3

(b) ‘c’ is the straight line jioning (0.0) to ( 1,2)

The equation of line is given by,

y-0 = 2-0 = y = 2
x-0 1-0 x

→ y = 2x
dy = 2dx
 From eqn. 1

∫ f.dr = ∫ xydx + ( x2 + y2) dy

= ∫x2xdx + ( x2 + 4x2) dx

= ∫ x2xdx + ( x2 + 4 X2) dx

=∫ 2x2 + 10 x2).dx

= ∫ 2x2 dx

= 12 x3/3 = 12/3-0

12/3 = 4

3.Evaluate ∫C→F⋅d→r∫CF→⋅dr→ where →F(x,y)=y2→i+(3x−6y)→jF→(x,y)=y2i→+
(3x−6y)j→ and CC is the line segment from (3,7)(3,7) to (0,12)(0,12).

Solution ;

we need to parameterize the curve.

→r(t)=(1−t)⟨3,7⟩+t⟨0,12⟩=⟨3−3t,7+5t⟩0≤t≤1

In order to evaluate this line integral we’ll

need the dot product of the vector field
(evaluated at the along the curve) and the
derivative of the parameterization.
Here is the vector field evaluated along the
curve (i.e. plug in xx and yy from the
parameterization into the vector field).

→F(→r(t))=(7+5t)2→i+(3(3−3t)
−6(7+5t))→j=(7+5t)2→i+(−33−39t)→j
The derivative of the parameterization is,
→r′(t)=⟨−3,5⟩

Finally, the dot product of the vector field and the derivative of the
parameterization.
→F(→r(t))⋅→r′(t)=−3(7+5t)2−5(33+39t)
Now all we need to do is evaluate the integral.

∫C→F⋅d→r=∫10−3(7+5t)2−5(33+39t)dt

=[−15(7+5t)3−165t−1952t2]∣∣∣10

= −1079/2

4.Evaluate ∫C→F⋅d→r∫CF→⋅dr→ where →F(x,y)=xy→i+(1+3y)→jF→(x,y)=xyi→+
(1+3y)j→ and CC is the line segment from (0,−4)(0,−4) to (−2,−4)
(−2,−4) followed by portion of y=−x2y=−x2 from x=−2x=−2 to x=2x=2 which is in
turn followed by the line segment from (2,−4)(2,−4) to (5,1)(5,1). See the sketch
below.

solution;
The parameterization of each curve is,
C1:→r(t)=(1−t)⟨0,−4⟩+t⟨−2,−4⟩=⟨−2t,−4⟩0≤t≤1
C2:→r(t)=⟨t,−t2⟩−2≤t≤2C2:r→(t)=⟨t,−t2⟩−2≤t≤2
C3:→r(t)=(1−t)⟨2,−4⟩+t⟨5,1⟩=⟨2+3t,
−4+5t⟩0≤t≤1C3:r→(t)=(1−t)
⟨2,−4⟩+t⟨5,1⟩=⟨2+3t,−4+5t⟩0≤t≤1

Now we need to compute the line integral for each of the curves. In the
first few problems in this section we evaluated the vector function
along the curve, took the derivative of the parameterization and
computed the dot product separately. For this problem we’ll be doing
all that work in the integral itself.
Here is the line integral for each of the curves.
∫C1→F⋅d→r=∫10⟨(−2t)(−4),1+3(−4)⟩⋅⟨−2,0⟩dt
=∫10−16tdt=(−8t2)∣∣10=−8
∫C2→F⋅d→r=∫2−2⟨(t)(−t2),1+3(−t2)⟩⋅⟨1,−2t⟩dx
=∫2−25t3−2tdt=(54t4−t2)∣∣∣2−2=0
∫C3→F⋅d→r=∫10⟨(2+3t)(−4+5t),1+3(−4+5t)⟩⋅⟨3,5⟩dt
=∫1045t2+69t−79dt=(15t3+692t2−79t)∣∣∣10=−59
we need to do is add up the line integrals over these curves to get the
full line integral.

∫C→F⋅d→r=(−8)+(0)+(−592)=−75/2

 5.Evaluate ∫C→F⋅d→r∫CF→⋅dr→ where →F(x,y)=(x+y)→i+(1−x)→jF→(x,y)=(
x+y)i→+(1−x)j→ and CC is the portion of x24+y29=1x24+y29=1 that is in the
4th quadrant with the counter clockwise rotation.

solution;

we need to parameterize the curve.

→r(t)=⟨2cos(t),3sin(t)⟩32π≤t≤2π

In order to evaluate this line integral we’ll need the dot

product of the vector field (evaluated at the along the
curve) and the derivative of the parameterization.
Here is the vector field evaluated along the curve 

→F(→r(t))=(2cos(t)+3sin(t))→i+(1−2cos(t))→j
The derivative of the parameterization is,
→r′(t)=⟨−2sin(t),3cos(t)⟩r→′(t)=⟨−2sin⁡(t),3cos⁡(t)⟩
Finally, the dot product of the vector field and the derivative of the
parameterization.
→F(→r(t))⋅→r′(t)=(2cos(t)+3sin(t))(−2sin(t))+(1−2cos(t))(3cos(t))
→F(→r(t))⋅→r′(t)=(2cos(t)+3sin(t))(−2sin(t))+(1−2cos(t))(3cos(t))
=−4cos(t)sin(t)−6[sin2(t)+cos2(t)]+3cos(t)
=−2sin(2t)+3cos(t)−6
Now all we need to do is evaluate the integral.

∫C→F⋅d→r=∫2π32π−2sin(2t)+3cos(t)−6dt

=[cos(2t)+3sin(t)−6t]|2π32π=5−3π