7E MIXTURES AND SEPARATION

7EA MIXTURES P.74-75

What is a mixture? (μείγμα)

 MIXTURES CAN BE…

• Suspensions
• Colloids
• Solutions
 SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE
Dissolves Does not dissolve
(e.g. salt in water) (e.g. sand in water)

solution suspension
 • Substances that do not dissolve in a solvent (e.g water) are insoluble.
• When an insoluble substance is mixed with water, the mixture formed
may be a suspension or a colloid.
• Suspension: Mixture separates if not stirred.
• Colloid: Mixture does NOT separate if not stirred.

Suspension E.g: Sand+water Colloid: E.g Mayonnaise, milk

 SOLUTIONS

SOLUTION
SOLUTE SOLVENT MIXTURE -
Substance dissolving Liquid (WATER) SOLUTION IS
(E.g salt) ALWAYS
TRANSPARENT
HOW DO WE SEPARATE AN INSOLUBLE SOLID
FROM A MIXTURE? BY FILTRATION (P.72)
 HOW DOES FILTRATION WORK?

• The filter paper has small holes through which the liquid
particles can pass.
• Insoluble solid particles are too large to pass through so
they stay on the filter paper.
QUESTION 1
QUESTION 2
 CIRCLE TRUE/FALSE

1. A suspension separates if not TRUE / FALSE

stirred
2. Sand and water is an example of a TRUE / FALSE
colloid
3. Salt and water is an example of a TRUE / FALSE
solution
4. A colloid is an opaque mixture TRUE / FALSE

5. You can separate a soluble solid from TRUE / FALSE

a liquid using filtration
7EB – SOLUTIONS P.76-77
 LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

• This law in science says that:

‘Mass cannot be created nor
destroyed’.
So,
Mass of the solution = Mass of salt + mass of water.
 WHAT IS A SATURATED SOLUTION?

• When you cannot dissolve any more solid in water, the

solution is said to be saturated.
• The solubility of a substance = mass of solid (g) / Mass of
water (g)
• If the solubility of a substance is 38 g in 100 g of water at
25 oC,
a saturated solution is when we dissolve 38 g or more in 100
g of water.
The extra solid sinks to the bottom.
• The solubility of a substance also increases when
temperature increases.
BOOK P.77 Q.6
 ACTIVITY
BOOKLET 1, P.1
GRAPHING
SOLUBILITY 1
ACTIVITY BOOKLET
1, P.1
GRAPHING
SOLUBILITY 1
7EC EVAPORATION P.80-81
 EVAPORATION

• Evaporation (εξάτμηση) is when a liquid becomes a gas at its surface.

• Evaporation happens at ANY temperature but it is faster when it is HOT.
• Boiling is when all parts of the liquid turn into a gas.
• This happens only at the boiling point (σημείο βρασμού) of
a liquid.
• For example, the boiling point of water is 100 oC.
• When a liquid is boiling, we can see large bubbles
throughout.

Large bubbles
HOW DO WE GET THE DISSOLVED
SALT FROM A SOLUTION?
 HOW DO WE GET THE DISSOLVED
SALT FROM A SOLUTION?

1. Pour the solution in an evaporating basin.

2. Place the evaporating basin with the
solution on a gauze on a tripod.
3. Heat the solution using a
Bunsen-burner flame until
all the water evaporates.
4. This will leave the dissolved salt behind.
Salt
crystals
 ROCK-SALT

• The salt in rock salt is sodium chloride. This is the same

salt found in sea water or a salt lake which we also use in
our food!
 HOW DO WE GET SALT FROM ROCK
SALT?

pestle
• Rock salt is a mixture of: sand and salt.

mortar

Glass rod
beaker
ACTIVITY BOOKLET 1, P 3.
7ED CHROMATOGRAPHY P.82-83
 PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY

METHOD

• One drop of the mixture is placed on the pencil line.​

•The bottom of the paper is dipped into a solvent.

• The more soluble the substance is, the faster it travels up

the paper together with the solvent.

•The paper is removed from the solvent and we get

a chromatogram.
 VIDEOS

Paper & Thin Layer Chromatography | Chemical Tests | Chemis

try |
FuseSchool - YouTube

Separation Techniques | Paper Chromatography - YouTube

HW ACTIVITY BOOKLET 1 P.4 AND P.5
7EE:DISTILLATION P.84-85
• p. 84-85
 SIMPLE DISTILLATION

• The process where sea water is made safe to drink is

called desalination (αφαλάτωση).

• In the laboratory we can collect pure water from salt

water using simple distillation.
 SOLAR STILL

• A solar still may be used to get clean water for drinking in

an emergency by using sea water.
ACTIVITY BOOKLET 1, P.6 – 7