Welcome to...

The
Teaching
Profession
Objectives

1. Discuss Schooling vs. Education

2. Discuss the Art & Science of Teaching
3. Discuss Teaching as a Profession
4. Identify and Describe Professional
Organizations
5. Identify and Describe the
Characteristics of Effective Teachers
6. List the Principles of Teaching &
Learning
What is Education?

How is that different

from Schooling?
ed-u-ca-tion [ej-oo-key-shun]
noun

1. the act or process of imparting or acquiring general

knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning
and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or
others intellectually for mature life.
2. the act or process of imparting or acquiring
particular knowledge or skills, as for a profession.
3. a degree, level, or kind of schooling: a university
education.
4. the result produced by instruction, training, or
study: to show one's education.
5. the science or art of teaching; pedagogies.
school-ing [skoo-ling]
noun

1. the process of being taught in a

school.
2. instruction, education, or training,
especially when received in a
school.
3. the act of teaching.
4. Archaic . a reprimand.
The Purpose of Education

Education is:
– an adventure of the self – of private
purpose and experience.
Schooling is:
– A sociopolitical invention that seeks to
design a context or contexts for
shaping many “self’s”
– Children can become educated
without schools.
• From John I Goodlad, 1997.
The Purpose of Education
For schooling:
• education should be guided and
conducted to advance not just the
maturation of self, but also some public
need or good.
• The definition of public need or good
varies widely from society to society.
• “Don’t let schooling get in the way of
your education”. Mark Twain.
The Purpose of Education

• Transmit Culture
• Self Discipline
• Teach Values
• Teach About Life
• Teach How to Learn
“Give children a desire to learn and to teach them how
to use their minds and where to go to acquire facts
when their curiosity is aroused.” ~Elanor Roosevelt
DEFINITIONS OF TEACHING
T

The supreme art of teaching is to awaken

joy in
creative expression and knowledge
ALBERT
EINSTEIN
Teaching is the stimulation, guidance,
direction and
encouragement of learning

BURTON
Psychologists and educators explained it from
different angles some explanations are as follows:
•Teaching is communication between two or more
persons, who influence each other by ideas and
learn
something in the process of interaction.
•Teaching is to fill in the mind of the learner by
information and knowledge of facts for future use.
•Teaching is a process in which learner, teacher,
curriculum and other variables are organized in
a systematic way to attain some pre- determined
goal.
•Teaching is to cause motivation to learn.
NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
TEACHING
It includes the provision of desirable information
The human knowledge is going on increasing since the
rise of civilization. He has learnt all this by trial and
error, insight and imitation. We should provide desired
information to the students in a well organized manner.
Causes to learn
A good teaching is not merely to impart informations
to the students, but it is also to arouse the will of self
learning in them.

Needs efficient planning

The pupils cannot be taught everything all the time.
Various stages are meant forachieving the different
aspects of knowledge. So there
must be some useful planning of teaching
 FUNCTIONS OF TEACHING
•Creating learning situations
•Motivating the child to learn
•Arranging for conditions which assist in the growth of the
childs mind
•and body
•Utilize the initiative and play urges of the children to
facilitate learning
•Turning the children with the nobility of thoughts,
feelings and actions
•Giving information and explaining it
•Diagnosing learning problems
•Making curricular material
•Evaluating recording and reporting
 PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING
•Principle of using previous knowledge
•Principle of providing for individual difference
•Principle of readiness
•Principle of meaningfulness
•Principle defining specific objectives of the
lesson
•Principle of proceeding from simple to complex
•Principle of proceeding from concrete to
abstract
•Principle of proceeding from general to specific
•Principle of proceeding from known to
unknown
LEARNING: concept
Learning is the lifelong process of transforming
information
and experience into knowledge, skills, behaviors,
and
attitudes.
LEARNING –DEFINITION
Learning is the process by which behavior
is originated or changes through practice and
training”
Woodworth, R.S
Learning is the modification in behavior to meet
environmental requirements”
Gates
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF LEARNING

Learning is growth
Learning is adjustment
Learning is organizing experience

Learning is active

Learning is both individual and social

Learning is the product of the environment

 Associative learning

TYPES OF LEARNING
Simple non-associative learning
Habituation
Sensitization
Associate learning
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Imprinting
Observational learning
Play
 VARIOUS FACETS OF LEARNING PROCESS
Who is to learn- child
From whom to learn- teacher, environment
Why to learn- aims of teaching
What to learn- acquisition of knowledge, skills etc.
How to learn- methodology
When to learn- motivation
Where to learn- classroom ,play field
The Learning and Teaching System 
"Teaching" as an activity does not exist: or at
least it is meaningless to think about it in
isolation.
There is always an interaction between the
Teacher, the Learner and the Subject being
taught. (TRIAD)
 Is teaching an art
or a science?
Teaching is a science

 Study and explanation of learning

 Systematic process
 Body of knowledge
 An applied science based on research
 Methods of teaching and the
learning environment can be
organized on a scientific or
objective basis
- Good plans, good tests, organized
presentations
Teaching is an art
 Artistic process achieving an end
product
 Imagination, intuition, skill
 Category of artistic activity
 Improv, performance art, dynamic,
unique, what, how, & when, to do
 Trade and a craft
 The practice of your trade, is indeed an
artistic process, extreme multi-tasking
 Skills depend greatly upon
personality variables
- Enthusiasm, caring, helpful
A vision and a reality
• Teaching is the most difficult of all arts
and the profoundest of all sciences.”
– Horace Mann
• Education is an admirable thing, but it is
well to remember from time to time that
nothing that is worth knowing can be
taught.
– Oscar Wilde
• What does education often do? It makes
a straight-cut ditch of a free, meandering
brook.
– Henry David Thoreau
Is Teaching a
Profession?
 Four Characteristics of
a Profession

• Defined body of knowledge beyond

the grasp of the public
• Control over licensing, certification,
and entry requirements
• Autonomy in making decisions
• High prestige and economic status.
– From: O. Stein, 1981.
Teaching as a Profession
Doctors & Lawyers argue that a profession
involves…
 Lifelong career commitment
 Social service
 Intellectual technique
 Code of ethics
 Independent judgment relative to professional
performance

Does it possess a specialized body of

knowledge?
I am a teacher . . .
• I am a/an _______ educator by choice and not
by chance.
• I believe in American _______; I dedicate my
life to its development and the advancement
of its people.
• I will strive to set before my students by my
deeds and actions the highest standards of
citizenship for the community, state and
nation.
• I will endeavor to develop professionally
through study, travel and exploration.
I am a teacher (continued)
• I will not knowingly wrong my fellow
teachers.  I will defend them as far as
honesty will permit.
• I will work for the advancement of _______
education and I will defend it in my
community, state and nation.
• I realize that I am a part of the public school
system.  I will work in harmony with school
authorities and other teachers of the school.
• My love for youth will spur me on to impart
something from my life that will help make
for each of my students a full and happy
future.
Educational Organizations
• Professional Organizations (ACTE, NAAE)
– Develop in-service for teachers
– Represent members politically
– Provide teacher resources (journals, supplies)
– Insurance
• Teacher Unions (NEA, AFT)
– Professional in-service
– Collective Bargaining
– Insurance
• Trade organizations
– Specific to technical areas (e.g., NCBA, AWS,
etc.)
Professional Organizations

PAFTE
PDK
Professional Organizations
Why Should I Join?
• Professionalism
– To receive in-service
• Professionalism
– To support CTE politically
• Professionalism
– To foster fellowship within the CTE teachers
• Professionalism
– To improve my students’ career and
technical education
• Teacher conferences are a LOT of fun!
Benefits of Joining
• Techniques magazine -
• Quality networking and professional development
• Legislative updates
• Cutting edge CTE news
• Career advancement
• $25,000 policy for common carrier accidental death
and dismemberment insurance within the first year
of annual membership
• Discounts on books, activities, etc. available
through association
• Retirement plans
Characteristics of Effective
Teachers!!

I want to be an
Effective
Teacher
Is it possible to measure
“effective teaching’?
Measures of “effective teaching”?
• Student Learning
– Gain in student knowledge is the
best indicator of teaching
effectiveness
Being an Effective Teacher!
• Research on Teacher Effectiveness
consistently finds 5 variables that are
highly correlated with student
learning
1. Clarity
2. Variability
3. Enthusiasm
4. Task-Oriented & Businesslike Behaviors
5. Opportunity to Learn Criterion Material
(Objectives)
Rosenshien & Furst (1971)
Clarity
• Organization of the
content
• Concepts & content
clearly explained
• Gives multiple
examples
• Points out practical
application
• Repeats difficult ideas
• Assignments &
directions are clear
Variability
• Instructional
approaches and
methods
• Instructional
materials
• Visuals
• Learning activities
and engagement
• Types of
assessment
Enthusiasm
• Movement, Gestures
& Voice
• Shows facial
expression
• Uses humor
*caution*
• Questioning
techniques
• Interaction &
Engagement
Task-oriented & Business
Like Behaviors
• Objectives
• Concerned with
learning
• Encourages hard and
creative work
• Organization from
syllabus on first day,
to objectives of daily
lesson, to assessment
• Timing & pacing
Opportunity to Learn
Criterion Material
(Objectives)
• Teach to
established
objectives
• Relationship
between
objectives,
instruction and
assessment
Respect & Rapport
Principles of Learning &
Teaching
1. Subject matter must possess meaning,
organization, & structure
2. Readiness is a prerequisite for
learning, begin at the students level
3. Students must be motivated to learn
4. Students will rise to the level of
expectation
Principles of Learning &
Teaching
5. Success is a motivating source.
6. Students must be provided with
their learning progress.
7. Reinforced behaviors are more
likely to be learned.
8. Directed learning is more effective
than undirected learning.
Principles of Learning &
Teaching
9. Students should “Inquire into” vs.
being “instructed in” the subject
matter.
10. Students learn what they practice
and apply – in a supervised
educational setting.