ORIENTATION ON THE

ORMULATION OF LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

TO PROV’L. HEALTH OFFICE
Provincial Learning Center
Gov. D.O. Plaza Government Center, Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur
March 4, 2022

References:

Presentation Materials from:

Desarollo Internationale Consult, Inc.

Ms. Yolanda Urbiztondo, Former Asst. PPDC
 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

It is a tool for planning and managing development

projects.

It is an analytical process and a tool used to support

objectives-oriented project planning and management.

It provides a set of interlocking concepts which are used

as part of an iterative process to aid structured and
systematic analysis of a project or program idea.
A Project Logical Framework or log frame

It looks like a table (or framework) and aims to present

information about a project in a clear, concise, logical and
systematic way.

It can also provide a guide as to what information needs to be

gathered through participatory processes, and can be enhanced
by combining the outcomes of other planning tools, such as
social mapping, and problem and objective trees
A log frame summarizes the following:

What (activities) will be carried out to achieve its outputs and

purpose?

What resources (inputs) are required?

What the project is going to achieve? (the outcome and Impact)

How the progress and ultimate success of the project will be

measured and verified? (OVI and MOV)

What are the potential risk (Assumption-External) which could

affect the success of the project?
LFA was designed to address three basic concerns:

● When Planning was too vague, without clearly

defined basis/rationale, objectives that could be
used to monitor and evaluate the success (or failure)
of a project;

● When Management responsibilities were unclear

(no clear targets); and

● When Evaluation was often an adversarial process,

because there was no common agreement as to
what the project was really trying to achieve
(no agreed specific indicator of success).
How does a typical logical framework look like?

This 4x4 matrix has been used since the original and first generation, the
USAID version in the seventies.

The heart of the logframe is the hierarchy of objectives (column 1). All the
other columns serve to clarify/specify and ensure the likelihood that the
objectives are met.
 What are the basis in the formulation of a logical framework?

EXISTING SITUATION

OBJECTIVELY MEANS OF
 HIERARCHY OF OBJECTIVES VIRIFIABLE VERIFICATION ASSUMPTIONS 
INDICATORS (OVI)  (MOV) 
 Impact (Goal)
     
 Outcome/s (Purpose/Objective)
     
 Output/s
     
Activities/Inputs 
     

Note:
“Remember that the goal, purpose, outputs and activities are
all objectives but at different levels of the project hierarchy”.
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS/TERMS IN LOGFRAME PREPARATION

Impact - Indirect benefits in the longer term for the target beneficiaries;
could be society-wide, sectoral and geographic area/levels.

The overall benefit to which the development intervention makes a

considerable contribution.

The benefits/change in socio-economic status/situation of the

society, sector, or geographic area/level.

The ultimate result to which your project/s is/are contributing.

In most cases, impacts cannot be fully and directly attributed to

specific development interventions because of the complexity of
influencing factors. 8
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS/TERMS IN LOGFRAME PREPARATION

Impact - If outcome benefits are sustained, eventually will contribute to

the achievement of the Impact.

Example:
Desired Situation - Healthy and Empowered Community
(Decrease in occurrence of leading morbidity
diseases)
Previous Situation - Not Healthy and Not Empowered
Communities.
(Rationale)

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ELA 2020-2022, VOLUME 2

10
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS/TERMS IN LOGFRAME PREPARATION

Outcome - Direct/immediate benefits/change as a result of target

groups or individuals using the outputs.

represent a more specific statement of aims (short and/or

long term) that the project would like to achieve in support
of its general goal/impact.

What happened to the target beneficiaries after the output

is produced and upon using it.

However, these benefits may also happen/occur in the

efforts of implementing development interventions or the
program/project.

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IMPORTANT CONCEPTS/TERMS IN LOGFRAME PREPARATION

Example:
Desired Situation - 5% reduction of food and water-borne diseases
- 90% of total HH with access to safe water

Previous Situation - Presence of food and water-borne diseases

(Rationale) - 25% of total HHs have no access to safe water

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IMPORTANT CONCEPTS/TERMS IN LOGFRAME PREPARATION

Outputs - Goods or services which are produced by

programs/projects and activities and inputs/finances.
Example:
Output - 1 unit Upgraded Bio-sand Water Filter Facility constructed.
- Unlimited supply of potable water.
- 10 persons employed

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IMPORTANT CONCEPTS/TERMS IN LOGFRAME PREPARATION

Activities - Programs/projects and/or major component activities

required to produce the expected goods and services.

These are measures to be undertaken in order to

achieve the outputs

Example:
Name of Project - Construction of Upgraded Bio-sand Water Filter Facility
- Land grabbing and clearing.
- Construction of Spring/Intake Box.
- Construction of Reservoir with bio-sand water filter.
- Installation of transmission pipeline from intake box to reservoir.
- Installation of distribution line from reservoir to service area.
- Installation of HHs connection.
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 INDICATORS
(Column 2)

Definition

An indicator is a qualified/quantified
parameter which details the extent to
which a development intervention has
been achieved within a given time
frame and in a specified location.
"Objectively verifiable" means that
indicators are measurable objectively
implying that when different persons,
who may be involved in monitoring
the progress of an intervention or
evaluating the accomplishment of the
objectives, they should arrive at the
same conclusions.
SMART Indicators

NOTE: Once you have a list of indicators to choose from, use the SMART
test to assess their suitability.

Simple  Is the indicator easily interpreted, monitored, and appropriate

for community use? 
Measurable  Can it be statistically verified, reproduced and compared? Is it
able to be aggregated? Is it responsive to changes in
management? Does it show trends over time? 
Accessible  Can it be regularly monitored? Is it cost-effective? Is it
consistent with other data sources?
Relevant  Is it related to OR linked to goals and objectives of te
province?
Timely  Does it provide an early warning of potential problems and
highlight future needs or issues?
 MEANS OF VERIFICATION (MOVs)
(Column 3)
Definition

Means of verification should indicate:

- How to acquire evidence that the objectives

have been met

- Where to find proof which will verify the

realization/success of each indicator
Indicators and MOV form the basis of the
monitoring system. In practice, MOV can
only be defined provisionally. They are
revised as the monitoring system is
elaborated.
 ASSUMPTIONS
(Column 4)

Definition
Assumptions are major conditions (frame conditions) which are
outside the direct control of the project, but which will have to be met
or held true so that the project will achieve its objectives.

External conditions is necessary so that the achieved project’ purpose

will contribute to reaching project goal.
 Objectives and Assumptions (vertical logic)

Impact

Sufficient to lead to
Assumptions
Outcome Achieved plus for achieving
the impact
Sufficient to lead to

Outputs Achieved plus Assumptions

for achieving
the outcome
Sufficient to lead to
Produced plus

Activities Assumptions
for producing
Carried out plus the outputs
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 mp le Project Logical Framework
S a
Objectively Verifiable Means of
Hierarchy of Objectives Assumptions
Indicators (OVI) verification
Goal CBMS Data; Quarterly
Healthy & empowered and Annual Report
communities. Evaluation Report
Purpose/Outcome Operation & Maintenance
Improved health status: 5% reduction (from the Quarterly and Annual of the projects as agreed
baseline) of food and water- Report by the beneficiaries is
borne diseases Evaluation Report implemented

Output -1 unit Upgraded BiosandH2O

Upgraded Bio-sand Water Filter Filter Facility constructed. Quarterly and Annual Capacity Development
Facility constructed. - Unlimited supply of potable Report Training is
H2O. Assessment Report funded/conducted by the
- 10 persons employed. World Bank Experts
Activities Inputs
- Land grabbing and clearing - - P10,000.00. Approved PR/PO/ Request of funding (Share
- Construction of Spring/Intake Box - - P80,000.00. Inspection Report/ from World Bank Loan by
- Construction of Reservoir with bio- - P120,000.00. Acceptance
sand water filter – the Philippine
- Inst’n. of transmission line from - P150,000.00. Government) is
intake to reservoir – approved.
- Inst’n. of distribution line from - P140,000.00.
reservoir to service area – .
- Installation of HHs connection – - P80,000.00.
DOUBLE CHECK
>Following completion of your log frame, go
over it, from bottom to top, to check the logic
of it:
• Will the inputs and activities clearly lead to
the outputs required to achieve the purpose
and contribute to the goal?
• Will the indicators and means of verification
effectively measure the progress of the
project?
• Is the project staff committed to the
objectives and indicators identified and see
them as realistic and achievable?
• Are there any changes, which could be made
to make the project more practical and
workable?
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End of Presentation
 Project Log Frame
Hierarchy of Objectively Verifiable Means of Important
Objectives Indicators (OVI) or Measurable verification assumptions
Indicators

Goal/Impact at least P 200, 000 per year starting 2011 Beneficiary

Increased family from P100,000 in 2010 Record/FGD
income and M & E
Report

Purpose/ Outcome 42 metric tons per year starting yr Beneficiary Identified risks in
1)Increased Farm 2011from 20 metric tons in 2009 Record/FGD marketing aspect were
yield >36 metric tons of rice and M & E mitigated/assumption in
>5.5 metric tons of dressed poultry Report marketing aspects were
2)Improved quality of
and livestock meat realized
production – increase
market price 0.5 metric of eggs
___jobs

Output >1hectare of (previously idle) lands M&E Identified risks during

1) Maximum Utilization planted to rice by May 2011 Report production were
of 1.25 hectares of land >____heads of chicken raised by June mitigated/ assumption
2011 during production were
2) DFS in the 1.25
_____heads of swine raised by ___ realized
hectares of land
> ____jobs generated

Activities (please use Inputs (please use WFP template to M&E Identified risks during
WFP template to complete the process) Report procurement of inputs
complete the process) Php___ were mitigated/
1) Rice Production Manpower assumption during
40