BASIC CONCEPT

OF HAZARD
CHAPTER 3
 Group 3
Erica Fionna Perez Jennica P. Mojar
Jenalyn Tabilino Jefferson Ogdar
Kimberly Mae F. Leviste
 INTRODUCTION
One important key to safety is understanding a particular incident or
phenomenon that may affect people’s life. An ordinary incident or
natural phenomenon may turn into a hazard once it becomes active
and poses harm or danger to life and property.
 WHAT IS HAZARD?
• “Those elements of the physical environment ,harmful to man and caused by
forces extraneous to him .”(Burton et al 1978)
• Standard Australia defines a hazard as: “ A source of potential to cause loss”
• A USGS Hazard terminologies defines hazard as ‘a phenomenon or situation,
which has the potential to cause the disruption or damage to people ,their
property ,services and environment ”.
• Most hazard are dormant and potential ,with only theoretical risk of harm.
• However hazard becomes “active” it can create emergency.
General Classification of Hazards
 NATURAL HAZARDS

- Such as earthquakes
or floods arise from
purely natural
processes in the
environment.
 What is Risk and Disaster?
• Risk is the chance or probability • Disaster is defined as a "sudden or
that a person will be harmed or great misfortune" or simply "any
experience an adverse health unfortunate event." More
effect if exposed to a hazard. It precisely, a disaster is "an event
may also apply to situations with whose timing is unexpected and
property or equipment loss, or whose consequences are seriously
harmful effects on the destructive
environment.
 Quasi-Natural
Hazards

-Such as smog, or
desertification that
arise through the
interaction of natural
processes and human
activities.
 Technological or human-
made hazards
-such as the toxicity of
pesticides to
agricultural lands,
accidental leaks of
chemicals from
chemicals laboratories
or radiation from
nuclear plant. These are
directly result of human
activities.
Types of Hazards
 ATMOSPHERIC
COMBINED
SINGLE ELEMENT ELEMENTS/EVENTS
Excess Rainfall • Hurricanes
Freezing Rain • Glaze storm
Heavy Snow falls • Thunderstorms
High Wind speeds • Tornadoes
Extreme temperature • Heat/cold stress
 HYDROLOGIC
Floods –River and coastal area
Wave Action
Drought
Rapid glacier advance
 GEOLOGIC
Mass Movement
Landslides
Mudslides
Avalanches
Earthquake
Volcanic Eruption
Rapid sediment movement
 BIOLOGIC
Epidemic in humans
Epidemic in plants
Epidemic in animals
Locusts
 TECHNOLOGIC
Transportation accident
Industrial explosions and fire
Accidental release toxic elements
Nuclear accidents
Collapse of public buildings
Cyber terrorism
Impact of various Hazards on Different Exposed
elements
 Physical Impact

• Death of people
• Destruction and loss of vital infrastructure ,like
transport system, roads ,bridges, power lines and
communication lines.
• Widespread loss of housing
 Psychological Impact

• Depression due to loss of love ones and properties

• Grief and psychological trauma- Post Traumatic Severe
Disorder (PTSD)
• Chronic anxiety among children severely affected
 Economic Impact
• Loss of job due to displacement
• Loss of harvest and livestock
• Loss of farms, fish cages, and
other sources of living
• Loss of money and other
valuable like furniture, and
appliances
 Socio-cultural Impact

• Displacement of
populations
• Loss of cultural identity
• Ethics conflicts
• Force of adoption of new
sets of culture
 Environmental Impact
• Loss of forest due to forest fires
• Loss of fresh water due to
salination-intrusion of salt water
to fresh water sources
• Loss of natural rivers and other
tributaries
• Disturbance of biodiversity
Biological Impact
• Epidemic to people flora and fauna
• Mental disorder developed from
consumption of contaminated foods
• Chronic and permanent illnesses due to
nuclear radiation
• Proliferation of different bacterial
diseases
Thank you for listening! 