MARINE ENVIRONMENT

FINALS ASSESSMENT TASK

Group 2.
ERESE, JOHN RAYMOND (L)
FRANCISCO, JOHN LAURENCE
CORPUZ, LOWELL LARC
CUNANAN, CARLO
EVANGELISTA, GENE GIUSSEPPE
GAMMAD, JOSHUA CLARENCE
FIGUEROA, MARK GIAN
HISTORY AND TRANSITION OF MARINE FUEL

Propelled From
by Human
1807 Coal to PRESENT
and Wind DAY
Power Oil

Development
of
15th
Steamships 1900’s Toward
century
and Environmental
B.C.
Introduction ly Friendly
of Coal Marine Fuel
 Scenario
M/V PLANET
using heavy
fuel oil, with
Sulphur content
of 3.50 % m/m
BODY

M/V Planet is vessel that still uses HFO (heavy fuel

oil) as its marine fuel for propulsion. Since the mid-
19th century, HFO has been a logical choice for ships
because it is very high in energy. This means it takes
little volume of fuel for combustion and it will take
the ship a long way. It also was inexpensive: HFO is
much 30% cheaper than other alternative fuels
because it is the leftover or residual product from the
oil refining process.
However, despite the cheapness and power of heavy
fuel oil, it possesses high sulfur, nitrogen and
hydrocarbon content amount that are very harmful to
the environment and impose a great threat to air
pollution and ozone depletion.  Also, global shipping
accounts for  8% of global emissions of sulfur dioxide
 emissions (SO2), which is highly acidic when mixed
with water making shipping a major contributor
toward acid rain that can also cause water pollution
and death to marine life.   Another by-product is
Nitrogen Oxide, which contributes toward air
pollution and respiratory disease.
• Ocean going vessels emit significant
pollution that not only effect populations
living near ports and coastlines, but also
those living hundreds of miles inland.
HEAVY FUEL OIL generate significant
emissions of NOx, fine particulate matter
(PM 2.5), and sulfur oxides (SOx) that
contribute to nonattainment of the 
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
 for PM 2.5 and ozone.
With the evidence shown, we can say that
M/V Planet is considered as a threat to our
Marine Environment. The following cases
like this has been the major response of
the MARPOL CONVENTION in order to
combat and eliminate the risk of pollution.
It also allows us to provide a major
outline on how rules must be implemented
to lessen the destruction of our marine
environment.
 ANNEX AND REGULATION
THE MARPOL ANNEX concerning the
case of M/V PLANET falls into Annex VI-
Prevention of Air Pollution from ships.

This Annex will tackle on how MV/PLANET

must respond and how they will comply with
the following regulations.
ANNEX AND REGULATION
Air pollution from ships is specifically
addressed in Annex VI of the MARPOL
treaty. Annex VI includes requirements
applicable to the manufacture, certification,
and operation of vessels and engines, as well
as fuel quality used in vessels in the waters of
the United States.
• The main changes to MARPOL Annex VI are a progressive
reduction globally in emissions of SOx, NOx and particulate matter
and the introduction of emission control areas (ECAs) to reduce
emissions of those air pollutants further in designated sea areas.
• Under the revised MARPOL Annex VI, the global sulphur limit
will be reduced from current 3.50% to 0.50%, effective from 1
January 2020, subject to a feasibility review to be completed no
later than 2018.
• MEPC 70 (October 2016) considered an assessment of fuel oil
availability to inform the decision to be taken by the Parties to
MARPOL Annex VI, and decided that the fuel oil standard
(0.50% sulphur limit) shall become effective on 1 January 2020.

• The limits applicable in ECAs for SOx and particulate matter were

reduced to 0.10%, from 1 January 2015. 
SOLUTION:

1. M/V PLANET must follow Annex VI of

MARPOL 73/78
2. M/V PLANET should be advised to switch
from heavy fuel oil to a much more eco-friendly
marine fuel.

3. M/V PLANET must used fuel with 0.5 %

sulphur limit as required by Annex VI
SOLUTION
4. Port State should carry out an initial inspection
which will include :

• Evidence of fuel delivered to and used on board the

vessel
• Vessel certification and its validity
• Maintenance and other records required under MARPOL
• Existence of required procedures, such as fuel change
over procedures
 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, every sea going vessel must follow the mandatory
MARPOL Annex VI which is the prevention of air pollution from ships.
Ship owners are necessary to act in accordance with the International
Maritime Organization (IMO) to protect and secure the marine
environment from the pollutions coming from the shipping industry.
MARPOL Convention Annex VI is created to limit the main air pollution
from ships exhaust gas that includes sulfur oxides, nitrous oxides, etc.
The former sulfur limit which is 3.5% is now reduced to 0.5% for more
effectiveness of the regulation and also for the betterment of the marine
environment. Using heavy fuel oil with sulfur limit of 3.5% emits air
pollution which affects not only the populations living near port but also
to all living things affected by the pollution. So, it is very crucial to obey
the rules even if ships stop using cheaper or high energy heavy fuel oil
because what matter most is the health of the environment that we are
using, use more eco friendly marine fuel to avoid such life-threatening
pollution.
 References:
•https://www.forbes.com/sites/nishandegnarain/2020/08/14/what-is-heavy-fuel-oil-and-why-is-it-so-controversial-five-
killer-facts/?sh=7482e25e74c0
•https://oceanconservancy.org/ls/shipping-bering-strait-region/heavy-fuel-oil/
•https://www.google.com/search?q=transition+of+fuel+oil+on+ships&oq=transition+of+fuel+oil+on+&aqs=chrome.1.6
9i57j33i160l5.9341j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
•https://www.mol-service.com/blog/transition-in-ships-fuel
•https://www.google.com/search?q=how+changing+of+fuel+affects+air+in+ship&oq=
how+changing+of+fuel+affects+air+in+ship&aqs=chrome..69i57j33i160.9289j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
•https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es2013424
•https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920920305393
•https://dornsife.usc.edu/uscseagrant/13-new-maritime-fuels-to-reduce-greenhouse-gases-and-air-pollut/
•https://www.google.com/search?q=benefits+of+transitioning+fuel+oil+in+ship&oq=benefits+of+transitioning+fuel+oil
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