Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune 411037, Maharashtra, India

Types of pumps for Fluid Power

systems

ME3253: Hydraulic Machines and Fluid Power

SEM - VI A.Y. 2021-22

Guide : Prof.Sunil Shinde

Mechanical Engineering Department , VIT, Pune

GROUP MEMBERS
Names

Jay Mahajan

Vaishnavi Kulkarni

Aditya Lotangane

Snehal Kumkar

Srujan Kulkarni
Content
● Introduction
● Types of pumps
● Centrifugal pump
● Vane pump
● Piston pump
● Lobe pump
● Submersible pump
● Conclusion
● References
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 ● What is pump?
● A Prime mover used to convert
Mechanical energy into
hydraulic energy.

NEED AND
INTRODUCTIO
N OF PUMPS

Fig 1 - Gear pump

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TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION
OF PUMP

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 Different types of pump

Dynamic Pumps Positive Displacement pump

Centrifugal Diaphragm

Vertical Centrifugal Gear

Horizontal Centrifugal Vane

Submersible Lobe

Fire hydrant Piston

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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Construction and Working

7
Introduction

● It converts mechanical energy into hydraulic

energy (pressure energy) by virtue of centrifugal
force.
● Flow is in radial outward direction. It works on
principle of forced vortex flow.
● Common uses include water, sewage, petroleum
and petrochemical pumping.

Fig 2 - Centrifugal pump

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Components

● Impeller
● Casing
● Suction pipe
● Foot valve and strainer
● Delivery pipe

Fig- 3 Sectional view of centrifugal

pump
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Working

● It works on the principle of forced

vortex flow
● Means when a certain mass of fluid is
rotated by external torque rise in
pressure head takes place.
● Conversion of energy occur by virtue
of two main parts of the pump: a)
Impeller b) Casing.
● Impeller converts driver energy into
the kinetic energy & diffuser converts
the kinetic energy into pressure energy.

Fig 4- Working centrifugal pump

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Sr no Name of paper Objective Methodology

1 Design of Single Design of impeller and The performance analysis of the

Suction Centrifugal casing (volute) of single- designed pump is also presented on
Pump and suction centrifugal pump various speed.
Performance Analysis for clean and cold water The impeller blade is drawn by three
by Varying the Speed circular arcs method with solid work
of Impeller software.

Results Conclusion

● Predicted maximum efficiency is nearly 65% and the
expressed actual efficiency of designed pump is 61%
● The clearance between impeller and tongue of volute is 3
mm. This value is a reasonably safe value for the tongue.
● The diameter of discharge flange is 80 mm. The thickness of
volute casing to withstand the discharge pressure, 6 mm is
selected depending upon the suction pipe diameter.
Therefore, the designed efficiency
has a satisfactory value. The
designed single-suction centrifugal
pump can fulfill the requirements
of water pumping system for
irrigation, and domestic usage in
multistory building.

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 Sr no specification Measurement

Methodology 1 Stages Single stage

2 Head 20m
Design of impeller 3 Flow rate 0.015m3/sec

4 inlet diameter 99 mm
Design of Volute
casing 5 outlet diameter 250 mm

Modelling of 6 inlet vane angle 20°

centrifugal pump
7 outlet vane angle 23°
8 inlet width and outlet 20 mm and 12
width mm resp
9 discharge diameter 80mm
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RESULTS
Fig 5
centrifugal
pump model

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Performance Characteristic Curves of Actual Head and Efficiency on
Capacity for Various Speeds

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Sr no Name of paper Objective Methodology

2 The flow In this paper a general three-
simulation of a dimensional simulation of
low-specific-speed turbulent fluid flow is
high-speed presented to predict velocity
centrifugal pump and pressure fields for a
centrifugal pump
In order to study the most suitable
turbulence model, three known
turbulence models of standard k–e, RNG
and RSM were applied. Additionally,
effect of number of blades on the
efficiency of pump was studied. The
number of blades was changed from 5 to
7.

Results Conclusion

● The results show that the impeller with 7 blades has the Thus, to analyze the effect of blade
highest head coefficient. number on the characteristics of
● Finally, it was observed also that the position of blades with the pump, the position of blade and
respect to the tongue of volute has great effect on the start of tongue should be similar to each
the separation. other.

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 Methodology
The simulated pump includes a
Pump specifications
two-way inducer and a 6-blade
impeller with Dimpeller/Dinlet
Carry out governing
of 1.53 and Doutlet/Dinlet of
equations
0.56 (Dimpeller, Dinlet and
Doutlet are, respectively,
Grid generation
diameter of impeller, diameter
of volute’s inlet and diameter of
diffuser’s outlet). Boundary conditions

Solving governing equations

and modelling of rotary region
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Fig 7: Results on Modeling of
turbulence

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Fig 8: Velocity
magnitude (m/s)
in the volute
tongue with
different
number of
blades.

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VANE PUMP
Construction and Working

19
Introduction

● A vane pump is a
positive displacement pump
● Delivers constant flow rate under
different pressure conditions.
● It is a self-priming pump.
● Different number of vanes installed on a
rotor that moves in the cavity. Fig 5 - Rotary Vane pump
● The latest vane pumps have a surface
contact between stator and rotor instead
of line contact.
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 Components

The vane pump has the following major

components:

● Casing
● Inlet Port
● Cam Ring
● Outlet Port
● Vanes
● Rotor
● Shaft
Fig 6- Sectional view of Vane pump
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Working

● The power is delivered to the shaft.

● The shaft is connected with the rotor, and it has
multiple vanes.
● As the rotor rotates, a vacuum generates inside the
pump; due to that, it sucks external water into the
pump.
● Vanes convert the K.E of the water into speed and
send it toward the diffuser or volute casing area.
● Volute casing converts the speed of the water into
pressure and increases the pressure according to the
requirements. Fig 7- Working of pump

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Literature review

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Sr no Name of paper Objective Methodology

1 Research on Efficiency The paper was to investigate the Firstly they have found that mechanical
Sliding Vane Pump for mechanical and volumetric efficiency and volumetric efficiency depend on
Oil Recovery of vane pump. leakage and degree of fullness. Then
done sensitivity analysis. Influence of
pump structure on pump efficiency
were analysed.

Results Conclusion

● Based on the mechanical structure and operating principle of SVP, ● Rotor-groove radius should be
volumetric efficiency analytic model of SVP is established from the minimized to reduce its influence
perspective of leakage and degree of fullness. on the pump efficiency.
● The mechanical efficiency analytic model is established considering ● The research also shows that the
the the viscous friction and contact friction. fewer vanes, the higher pump
● It provides a theoretical basis for improving pump efficiency and efficiency at a constant
application displacement

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Fig. Pump Efficiency Curve with different groove radius Fig. Pump Efficiency Curve with different vane number

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Sr no Name of article Objective Methodology

2 Improving the efficiency To improve the efficiency of A new type of guarded-vane pump is
of guarded vane vacuum guarded type vane pumps which are designed. The need to increase the
pump common in chemical industries. reliability and the length of the
turnaround cycle as well as increase
the productivity of a guarded-vane
pump are the technical problems
which the invention is designed to
solve.

Results Conclusion

1. Installation in the slots of the rotor of guide elements (inserts) Joint implementation of these
made of hardened steel or fiberglass of increased strength. solutions will make it possible to
2. The use of a new design of working plates to maintain rolling significantly reduce the rate of
friction between the friction surfaces of the inner surface of the depreciation of the parts of the flow-
casing, i.e., the inner surface of the plate. through section of a pump.

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Applications

● High-pressure Hydraulic pumps

● In automobiles for supercharging, power-steering, air conditioning, and
automatic-transmission pumps.
● For mid-range pressures include applications such as carbonators for
fountain soft-drink dispensers and espresso coffee machines.
● In low-pressure gas applications such as secondary air injection for auto
exhaust emission control
● In low-pressure chemical vapor deposition systems.

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Reciprocating Pump
Construction and Working

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 Introduction

● Type of positive displacement pump

● Certain volume of liquid is collected in enclosed volume and is
discharged using pressure to the required application.
● They are more suitable for low volumes of flow at high pressures.
● Area of application include:
● Petrochemical and Biotechnology industries
● Used in manufacturing chemical intermediates and end products.
Fig 8 components of reciprocating
pump

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Components :

● Suction pipe

● Suction Valve

● Delivery Pipe

● Delivery Valve

● Cylinder

● Piston and Piston rod.

● Crank and connecting rod

Fig 9 - Components reciprocating pump of
● pump
Strainer
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 Working

● It does the work by sucking liquid into a cylinder

containing a reciprocating piston.
● Which exerts a thrust force on the liquid and increases
its hydraulic energy ( pressure energy of liquid).

Fig 10 Working of reciprocating

pump

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Literature review

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Sr no Name of paper Objective Methodology

1. Analysis of Stiffness This study analyzed the This study used piezoelectric
Effect on Valve characteristics of a small elements that move in one direction,
Behavior of a reciprocating pump with a and it repeatedly contracts and
Reciprocating Pump cantilever valve driven by a piezo expands depending on the applied
Operated by actuator. voltage. This operation is periodically
Piezoelectric Elements repeated to generate the flow and
pressure of the pump.

Results Conclusion

Since the performance of the pump varies depending on the driving The flow rate and pressure that were
frequency, the pressure and flow rate were measured by varying the measured to increase as the driving
operating frequency of the piezoelectric element. The driving frequency increased, as expected. In
frequency is 10 to 150 Hz, and the driving waveform is a sinusoidal addition, the backpressure of the
wave.The flow rate increased as the driving frequency increased, and pump was found to increase as the
all valve models generated a maximum flow rate at 130 Hz. stiffness of the valve decreased.

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Results

Fig 11 Flow rate vs Operating Frequency 32/50

Applications

● A wide range of industries uses reciprocating pumps in diverse applications.

● Food processing: Reciprocating pumps in the food industry allow for the movement of
ingredients from one vat to another, the transportation of liquids of various viscosities, and the
delivery of water for food safety and sanitation.
● Oil and gas: Oil and gas industry applications include disposal, offshore oil, production,
injection, feed, charge, steam generators, mainline, and field gathering.
● Wastewater treatment: Wastewater treatment plants are responsible for contaminant removal,
purification processing, and the proper treatment of waste effluent. Reliable and durable
reciprocating pumps are extremely important to maintain the effectiveness of a treatment plant’s
operations.

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Submersible pump
Construction and Working

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Introduction

❖ A submersible pump is a device

which has a close-coupled to the
pump body.
❖ The whole assembly is submerged in
a fluid to be pumped.
❖ It works by pushing the water towards
surface instead of pulling it.
❖ It has a hermetically sealed motor.
Fig 12 : Submersible Pump Image : sciencedirect
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Components :

❖ Pump Impeller

❖ Non Return Valve

❖ Delivery Pipe

❖ Strainer

Fig 13 : Submersible Pump Image : Mechanical boost

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 Working

❖ Submersible pumps submerge entirely in

the water.
❖ It pushes the underground water to the
surface.
❖ Water being dragged into the water
pump first, where the revolution of the
impeller drives the water using the
diffuser.

Fig 14 : submersible pump, Image : Faggiolati pumps

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Literature review

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Sr no Name of paper Objective Methodology

1. Design, Modeling & The main aim of the project was to The first step is to analyze the
Analysis of a increase the pump efficiency of the existing model G554T & determine
Submersible Pump and model G554T and thus increase its its existing overall efficiency. The
to improve the Pump overall efficiency. second step is to re-design the pump
Efficiency such that for the same power input,
greater power output is obtained

Results Conclusion

Increasing the overall efficiency of the pump, involves
improving quality, analysis and design; hence this method
of optimizing is opted. The pump model G554T, which is
a de-watering, semi-open and mixed flow type of
submersible pump,
The designed pump is yielding a theoretical pump
efficiency of 76% at the duty point. The theoretical
pump efficiency of the existing pump to be 68%.
Hence the prototype pump is giving a pump
efficiency which is greater than 8% produced by the
existing pump.

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Sr no Name of paper Objective Methodology

2. Performance The performance test of a single Each time water is pumped from one
Investigation of a phase 3 HP submersible pump impeller to the next, its pressure is
Submersible Pump having maximum discharge of 270 increased. As the ground water level
under Different litre/min has been studied in a is declining day by day, it is almost
Operating pump test bed in varying impossible to lift water by low lift
Conditions configurations. Well of 0.10 m and pump like centrifugal pump for
0.15 m diameters along with the irrigation, drinking and industrial
filter pipes forms the well purposes today.
structure.

Results Conclusion

The maximum pump efficiency is found to be 39 % for a 0.10 m diameter well with It is observed from experimental analysis
0.91 m filter height when the discharge and head developed by the pump are 83 that the well diameter and filter length has a
litre/min and 57 meters, respectively. It also investigated from the experiment that subsequent effect on pump performance.
optimum efficiency for well diameter 0.10 m to 0.15 m ranges from 36% to 39% The operative factor, drawdown depends on
and the discharge varies from 85 to 125 liter/min. The study also shows that the both well diameter and filter length. For a
reduction of well drawdown can be achieved by increasing well diameter and filter large well diameter, drawdown decreases.
length.

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Lobe pump

43
Introduction

● Type of positive displacement pump

● Used in variety of industries such as pulp and paper, chemical,
food and beverage.
● These pumps offer a variety of lobe options including single, bi-
wing, tri-lobe and multi-lobe.
● Flow is relatively independent of changes in process pressure, so
output is constant and continuous
● offers reversible flows and can operate dry for long periods of
time

Fig 15- Lobe pump

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Components

● Pump housing
● Lobes
● Gearbox
● Front cover

Fig 16- components 42/50

Working

● As the lobes come out of mesh, they create expanding volume on

the inlet side of the pump.
● Liquid flows into the cavity and is trapped by the lobes as they
rotate.
● Liquid travels around the interior of the casing in the pockets
between the lobes and the casing
● Finally, the meshing of the lobes forces liquid through the outlet
port under pressure.

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Literature review

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Sr no Name of paper Objective Methodology

1 Injection housing – To increase the efficiency of the It is done by changing the geometry
optimising rotary lobe pump to pump the liquids of the lobes and adopting a new
pumps for liquids with containing more solid content in it geometry where the wings are
high solids content spiralled about the lobe

Results Conclusion

After finishing the laboratory trials and their evaluation, field trials By using the spiral shaped lobes with
were conducted at various biogas plants. Outfitted with the injection minimum 3 wings, liquids with solid
technology, operational lifetimes were increased by a factor of 1.5 to more solid particles can be pumped
2.5, much to the plant operator’s delight effectively without affecting the
operational lifetime of the pump.

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Sr no Name of paper Objective Methodology

2 Increasing the To increase greatly the operational It is achieved by using multi wing
operational lifetime of lifetime of rotary lobe pumps lobe geometry
rotary lobe pumps without adversely affecting pump
efficiency

Results Conclusion

At high pressures and at relatively low rotational speeds, which are Upto 50 percent higher volumetric
desired by operators, pump efficiency improvements of up to 50% flow rates are observed in 4 lobe
have been achieved. pump compared to the 3 lobe pump

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Results

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 Comparison

Centrifugal Vane Reciprocating Lobe Submersible

Used when liquid is Delivers constant Used where accurate Used when liquid Used for dewatering,
having low viscosity. flow rate under contains solid content oil production,
flow rate is needed.
different pressure drinking water
conditions. supply, irrigation
applications.

Discharge of a Discharge is less Pump can operate in Offers reversible flow Works by pushing the
centrifugal pump is sensitive to changes a wide pressure and can operate dry water toward the
directly proportional to in viscosity and range. surface instead of
(Diameter)^2 of its pressure variations. pulling it.
impeller. Hence
Discharge is more

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References

1] John Kanute (2004). Self‐priming centrifugal pumps: a primer. , 2004(456), 30–32.

doi:10.1016/s0262-1762(04)00334-7

2] Parr, Andrew (2011). Hydraulics and Pneumatics || Hydraulic Pumps and Pressure Regulation. , (),
31–49. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-096674-8.00002-1

3]https://www.mgnewell.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Optimize-Cent-Pump-Efficiency.pdf
4] https://www.elprocus.com/different-types-of-pumps-working-and-their-applications/

[5] Wang, S., Wu, X., Han, G., Zhang, X., Ren, Z., Zhu, Z., Tang, J. and Zhong, Z., 2018, November.
Research on pump efficiency of sliding vane pump for oil recovery. In SPE Middle East Artificial Lift
Conference and Exhibition. OnePetro.

[6] Erenkov, O.Y., Yavorskii, D.O. and Kalenskii, A.M., 2020. Improving the Efficiency of a Guarded-
Vane Vacuum Pump. Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 55(11), pp.1003-1006.
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 References

[7] Woo, J., Sohn, D.K. and Ko, H.S., 2020. Analysis of stiffness effect on valve behavior of a
reciprocating pump operated by piezoelectric elements. Micromachines, 11(10), p.894.

[8] Mimmi, Giovanni, and P. Pennacchi. "Internal lobe pump design." Transactions of the Canadian
Society for Mechanical Engineering 21.2 (1997): 109-121.

[9] Lea, J.F. and Bearden, J.L., 1982. Effect of gaseous fluids on submersible pump performance. Journal
of Petroleum Technology, 34(12), pp.2922-2930.

[10] Gamboa, J. and Prado, M., 2011. Review of electrical-submersible-pump surging correlation and
models. SPE Production & Operations, 26(04), pp.314-324.

[11] Li, Y.B., Jia, K., Meng, Q.W., Shen, H. and Sang, X.H., 2013, December. Flow simulation of the
effects of pressure angle to lobe pump rotor meshing characteristics. In IOP Conference Series: Materials
Science and Engineering (Vol. 52, No. 3, p. 032022). IOP Publishing.
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Thank You !!

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