MCES 807 CAD

FINITE ELEMENT
CASE STUDY

WILSON F. GENOGUIN
 NO
COLUMNS
 NO BEAMS

Recycle CHB
 FRAME STRUCTURE
 LOAD BEARING MEMBER

 BEAM & COLUMN (Reinforced concrete/steel)

 LOAD BEARING STRUCTURE

 LOAD BEARING MEMBER

 WALL
 LOAD BEARING STRUCTURE

In Load Bearing Structures, Structural load is carried by load bearing

wall which transfers this load to the foundation. A load bearing structure
has the components of a building that carries and transfers the load to the
ground safely. This load bearing structure guarantees the strength and
stability of the building & its performance Such constructions are used in
residential buildings in which the dimensions of rooms are less. Residential
and commercial buildings up to ground floor + 2 floors can be constructed
economically with load-bearing structures.
 Components of Load Bearing
Structure/Building:
 Load Bearing Walls
 Beams
 Columns
 Braces
 Trusses
 Advantages of Load Bearing
Structure:
 All types of load-bearing masonry structures provide substantial fire resistance.
 The construction materials needed are economical and the construction procedure
is simple.
 The load-bearing building or structure gives high strength & durability to the
building.
 These structures do not require time-consuming preparation to be implemented.
 Load-bearing masonry buildings are more esthetically appealing.
 Disadvantages of Load Bearing
Structure:
 This load-bearing structure is best suited for up to 3 stories buildings.
 Load-bearing masonry structures demand more man-hours to be constructed and
are a slower procedure than other construction methods.
 Masonry units don’t provide adequate thermal insulation against the weather.
 After the construction, it is not possible to alter the position of the walls.
 The total weight of the masonry walls is high, which ultimately increases the self-
weight of the building.
 There is poor resistance of masonry walls or do not perform well against
earthquake loads, because non-reinforced units cannot withdraw the high tensile
and shear stresses when compared to frame structures.
 Difference Between Load Bearing
Structure and Frame Structure:
No. Load Bearing Structure Framed Structure

1. The cost is less. Cost is more.

2. Suitable up to two stories. Suitable for any number of stories.    

Walls are thicker & hence floor area is reduced, so Walls are thinner than load-bearing system and hence
3.
less area is available for use. more floor area available for use.

4. Slow construction. Speedy construction.

Not possible to alter the position of walls, after the The position of walls may be changed, whenever
5.
construction necessary.

6. Resistance to the earthquake is poor. Resistance to earthquake forces is good.

 Only the columns are taken deep into the
7. Taken deep into the subsoil foundation.
subsoil & provided with foundation footing.
Framed structure is less labour-intensive, but
8. This construction is more labour-intensive.
it required different skills.
In framed structure, the life of the building is
In this construction, life is not much affected
reduced if not done with proper technique,
 9. even though some standards are not strictly
and specifications i.e. codes are not strictly
followed.
followed.
Limitations for providing openings in walls,
 10. which will affect the light and ventilation in Large openings in walls are possible.
the room.
Load-bearing structures can be constructed
Framed structures require expensive plants
 11. without expensive plants and machines as
and machines to construct.
compared to a framed structure.
Generally, RCC framed structure is
Walls have to be built first as they support the
constructed first and the external, as well as
 12. slab/roof and hence all walls have to be built
partition walls, are constructed later, hence
simultaneously which is time-consuming.
speed is more.
In the case of a load-bearing structure, large In the case of a framed structure, large span
 13. span areas are not possible. Limitation of span areas are possible. No Limitation of span i.e.
i.e. room sizes. room sizes.
ANALYSIS OF TRUSSES
 truss may be simply supported or continuous, statically determinate or
indeterminate and pin jointed or rigid jointed. However, the most commonly
used planar truss or lattice girder is single span, simply supported and
statically determinate. A pin-jointed truss is statically determinate when m =
2j−3, where m denotes the number of members and j the number of joints.
 LOADS ON THE ROOF TRUSS

 Application of Loads

 Dead load (NSCP 2015)

 LOADS ON THE ROOF TRUSS

 Application of Loads

 Live Load (NSCP 2015)

 LOADS ON THE ROOF TRUSS

 Application of Loads

 Wind Loads(NSCP 2015)

 DESIGN LOADS
 A truss is generally analysed separately for factored dead, live and wind loads to
compute maximum and minimum factored forces in the members for each these
loads. The member design forces are then obtained by considering various
combinations of the factored forces

 SAMPLE PROBLEM
 Use Design Software ,e.g. STAAD PRO.
CONCLUSION
 Load-bearing masonry construction is not used so far today because of several
reasons, such as it does not perform very well in earthquakes. Most deaths in
earthquakes around the world have happened in load-bearing masonry buildings.
 REFERENCES
 Fundamentals of structural Steel Design by M L Gambhir.
 Steel Designer’s Manual (6th Edition) by Buick Davision & Graham W.
Owens
 Design Examples V14.1 AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL
CONSTRUCTION.
 https://www.slideshare.net/roopachikkalgi/steel-trusses
 National Structural Code of the Philippines seventh edition, 2015,
chapter 5
Thank You!
WILSON F. GENOGUIN
LOIS ANGELIQUE CALADES