DESIGN CODES, STANDARDS

& SPECIFICATIONS
DESIGN CODE FOR PRESSURE
VESSELS & BOILERS
ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSELS CODES
I. POWER BOILERS
II. MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
III. NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
COMPONENTS
IV. HEATING BOILERS
V. NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION
VI. RECOMMANDATED RULES FOR CARE &
OPERATION OF HEATING BOILERS
VII. RECOMMANDATED RULE FOR CARE OF POWER
BOILERS
VIII. PRESSURE VESSELS –DIVISION-1 ,DIVISION-2 & DIVISION-3
IX. WELDING & BRAZING QUALIFICATIONS.
X. FIBERGLASS-REINFORCED PLASTIC PRESSURE VESSELS
XI. RULES FOR INSERVICE INSPECTION OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
COMPONENTS
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTE (BSI) CODE FOR PRESSURE VESSELS
1. BSI –PD-5500 – SPECIFICATION FOR UNFIRED FUSION WELDED PRESSURE
VESSELS
IS 2825 – PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN USING INDIAN STANDARD
AD –MARKBLATTER – PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN USING GERMAN STANDARD
 Design codes for storage tanks
American petroleum Institute –API
1. Spec 12B – Specification for bolted Tanks for storage
of production liquids
2. Spec. 12D- Specification for Field welded Tanks for
storage of production liquids
3. Spec. 12F- Specification for shop welded Tanks for
storage of production liquids
4. API-620 : Recommended rules for design and
construction of large welded, low pressure storage
Tanks
5. API – 650 : Welded storage tanks for Oil storage.
6. American water works association (AWWS) standard
for welded steel tanks for water storage.
 American National standard
institute (ANSI) : standards for
PIPING
PIPING STANDARD :
1. B31.1 : Power piping
2. B31.2 : Fuel gas piping
3. B31.3 : Chemical plants and petroleum refinery
piping
4. B31.4 : Liquid petroleum transportation piping
system
5. B31.5 : Refrigeration piping
6. B31.8 : Gas transmission & distribution piping
systems.
 Design code for Pipe, fittings,
flanges & valves.
PIPES STD :
1. ANSI B36.19 –Stainless steel pipe
2. ANSI/ASME B36.10M : Welded & seamless wrought steel piping
FLANGES & Gasket STD. :
1.B16.5: Pipe flanges & flanged fittings (Less than 24”NB size)
2.B16.47 : Pipe flanges & Flange fittings
(Size more then 24”)
3.B16.20 : Ring –joint gaskets & groove for steel pipe flanges
Fittings & Valve STD. :
1. B16.25: Butt welding END
2. B16.10 : Face-to-Face and End-to-End dimensions of ferrous valves.
3. B16.9 : Factory made wrought steel Butt welding fitting
4. B16.14 : Ferrous pipe plugs, Bushing, and locknuts with pipe threaded.
5. B16.11 : Forged steel fitting, socket-welding and threaded.
 PRESSURE VESSEL CODE & STANDARDS
ASME SEC –VIII –DIV-1&2 --PRESSURE VESSELS
IS 2825 (INDIAN STANDARD FOR PV)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASME SEC-VIII-DIV-3 ---- HIGH PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
API -650 & IS 806 ---- FOR STORAGE TANK
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
API -620 ---- FOR LOW PRESSURE STORAGE TANK
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
API -620 & BS 7777 ---- CRYOGENIC STORAGE TANK
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ISO R831 / IBR ---- FOR STEAM PRODUCING, STEAM STORAGE CATCH
WATER VESSELS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IS 875 / SITE DATA ---- FOR WIND LOAD CONSIDERATION
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IS 1893 / SITE DATA ---- FOR SEISMIC DESIGN CONSIDERATION
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WRC BULLETIN # 107, 297/ PD 5500 – FOR LOCAL LOAD & STRESS ANALYSIS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PRESSURE VESSEL
DESIGN,MANUFACTURING
& TESTING AS PER ASME
SEC-VIII DIV.1
PARTS OF THE PRESSURE
VESSELS
1. HEADS/END CLOSURES
2. SHELL
3. NOZZLES
4. SUPPORTS
5. NOZZLE REINFORCEMENT PADS
6. INTERNALS & EXTERNAL
ATTACHMENTS
 Design considerations
FOLLOWING LOADINGS TO BE CONSIDERED IN DESIGNING THE
VESSELS AS PER ASME SEC. VIII DIV. I ( CLAUSE UG-22)

1. INTERNAL DESIGN PRESSURE AT DESIGN TEMPRATURE.

2. EXTERNAL DESIGN PRESSURE AT DESIGN TEMPRATURE.
3. WEIGHT OF THE VESSEL AT OPERATING AND TEST CONDITION.
4. LOAD DUE TO ATTACHED EQUIPMENTS.
5. WELD JOINT EFFICIENCY.
6. EXTERNAL / INTERNAL ATTACHMENT
7. SEISMIC LOADING.
8. WIND LOADING.
9. FATIGUE LOADING DUE TO THERMAL AND PRESSURE VARIATIONS.
10. CORROSION ALLOWANCES.
 WHAT IS PRESSURE VESSEL ?

PRESSURE VESSEL IS CONTAINER FOR THE CONTAINMENT OF PRESSURE,

EITHER INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL.
THIS PRESSURE MAY BE OBTAINED FROM AN EXTERNAL SOURCE, OR BY
THE APPLICATION OF HEAT FROM A DIRECT OR INDIRECT SOURCE, OR ANY
COMBINATION THEREOF.

 TYPE OF VESSELS DEPENDING UPON THE ORIENTATION:

1. HORIZONTAL VESSEL
2. VERTICAL VESSEL

 TYPE OF VESSEL DEPENDING UPON THE FUNCTIONS :

1. STORAGE VESSEL
2. COLUMNS / ADSORBERS
3. SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
 SHELL
 SHELL IS THE MAIN PART OF THE VESSEL.
 TYPES OF THE SHELL
1. CYLINDRICAL SHELL
2. SPHERICAL SHELL

 DESIGN OF CYLINDRICAL SHELL UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE AS

PER ASME SEC-VIII DIV-1, CL. UG-27.

T = {(P x R) / (S x E - 0.6 x P)} + CA

WHERE, P = INT DESIGN PRESSURE ( N/sq.MM)
R = SHELL INSIDE RADIUS (MM)
S = ALLOWABLE STRESS OF THE MATERIAL AT DESIGN
TEMP. ( N/sq..MM) AS PER UG-23 & ASME SEC-II D
E= WELD JOINT EFFICIENCY
CA = CORROSION ALLOWANCES (MM)
T = MINIMUM SHELL WALL THICHNESS REQUIRED (MM)
 FOR EXTERNAL DESIGN PRESSURE, SHELL TO BE DESIGN AS PER ASME SEC-VIII DIV-1
CL. UG-28
 HEADS / ENDCLOSURES
 HEAD IS THE PART WHICH CLOSES THE END OPENING OF THE CYL. SHELL
 TYPES OF THE HEADS :
1. HEMISPHERICAL HEAD
2. ELLIPTICAL HEAD
3. TORISPHERICAL HEAD
4. CONICAL HEAD
5. TORICONICAL HEAD
6. BOLTED BLIND FLANGE
 DESIGN OF 2:1ELLIPTICAL HEAD UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE AS
PER ASME SEC-VIII DIV-1, CL. UG-32.

T = {(P x D) / (S x E - 0.2 x P)} + CA

WHERE, P = INT DESIGN PRESSURE ( N/sq..MM)
D = HEAD INSIDE DIA. (MM)
S = ALLOWABLE STRESS OF THE MATERIAL AT DESIGN
TEMP. ( N/sq...MM) AS PER UG-23 & ASME SEC II D
E= WELD JOINT EFFICIENCY
CA = CORROSION ALLOWANCES (MM)
T = MINIMUM HEAD WALL THICHNESS REQUIRED (MM)
 FOR EXTERNAL DESIGN PRESSURE, HEAD TO BE DESIGN AS PER ASME SEC-VIII DIV-1
CL. UG-33
 NOZZLES / CONNECTIONS
 NOZZLES ARE THE OPENINGS PROVIDED IN THE SHELL/ HEAD FOR
CONNECTING THE EXTERNAL PIPING WITH VESSEL.

 NOZZLES CONSISTS OF NOZZLE NECK, FLANGE & RF PAD

TYPES OF THE NOZZLES / CONNECTIONS :

1. PIPE NECK WITH FLANGE CONNECTION
2. FORGED NECK WITH FLANGE CONNECTION
3. STUB END CONNECTION

 NOZZLE NECK TO BE DESIGNED AS PER ASME SEC VIII DIV I

CL. UG-45
 RF PAD FOR THE NOZZLE TO BE DESIGNED AS PER ASME SEC VIII
DIV I CL. UG-36
 NON STD. FLANGE TO BE DESIGNED AS PER ASME SEC VIII DIV I,
APPX-2 & STD FLANGE TO BE SELECTED AS PER UG-44/ASME B16.5
 SUPPORTS FOR VESSEL
SUPPORTS ARE REQUIRED FOR THE INSTALLATION OF THE VESSEL
ON THE FOUNDATION.

 TYPE OF SUPPORTS
1. LEG TYPE SUPPORT
2. SKIRT TYPE SUPPORT (CYLINDRICAL/CONICAL) – USING A D
MARKBLATTER
3 BRACKET TYPE SUPPORT
4. SADDLE SUPPORT – THIS SUPPORT DESIGN USING ZICK ANALYSIS
MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION FOR VESSEL
 ASME LISTS THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF THE MATERIAL FOR PLATES,
FORGINGS, PIPES, TUBES, FLANGES & FITTING. --- ASME SEC II PART
A,B,C & D

 REFER TABLE UCS-23 FOR CARBON AND LOW ALLOW STEEL

 REFER TABLE UHA-23 FOR HIGH ALLOY STEEL.

 ASME SEC VIII DIV 1
COVERS THE DESIGN OF PRESSURE COMPONENTS AS LISTED BELOW
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. UG-27 ----- THK OF SHELLS UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE
2. UG-28 ----- THK OF SHELLS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE
3. UG-29 -----STIFFENING RINGS OF CYLINDRICAL SHELLS UNDER
EXTERNAL PRESSURE
4. UG-32 & 33 ---- FORMED HEAD , COVERS ELLIPSOIDAL, TORISHERICAL,
HEMISHERICAL, CONICAL & TORICONICAL HEADS.
5. UG-34 ---- UNSTAYED FLAT HEADS & COVERS
6. UG-36 & 37 ---- OPENING IN PRESSURE VESSELS & REINFORCEMENTS
7. UG-41 ---- STRENGTH OF REINFORCEMENTS
8. UG -47 ----- BRACED & STAYED SURFACE
9. UG – 53 – LIGAMENT
10. UW-12 & 15 – WELD EFFICIENCY & WELDED CONNECTION DESIGN
11. UCS -56 – REQUIRMENT OF PWHT
12. UG -99 & 100 – HYDROTEST & PNUMATIC TEST REQUIREMENT
13. APPENDIX – 2 – DESIGN OF BOLTED FLANGE CONNECTION]
14. APPENDIX – 9 – DESIGN OF JACKETED VESSEL
15. APPENDIX -13 – DESIGN OF NON-CIRCULAR VESSEL
16. APPENDIX –A - TUBE SHEET DESIGN
17. APPENDIX – Y – DESIGN OF FLAT FACE FLANGES
 STRUCTURE OF ASME SEC-VIII DIV-1 CODE

 ASME SEC VIII DIV 1 CONSISTS OF

1. SUBSECTION -A : GENERAL REQUIREMENT FOR ALL METHODS OF
CONSTRUCTION
2. SUBSECTION-B: REQUIREMENT FOR MATHODS OF FABRICATIONS
LIKE WELDING, FORGING & BRAZING.
3. SUBSECTION-C: REQUIREMENT FOR CLASSES OF THE MATERIALS
LIKE CS, LOW ALLOY STEEL, HIGH ALLOY STEEL & CAST IRON,
CLADDED VESSEL ETC.
 FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS
1. WELD JOINT CATEGORIES AS PER UW-3
2. WELD JOINT EFFICIENCY AS PER UW-12
3.WELDING OF NOZZLES WITH SHELL AS PER UW-16
4. WELDING/WELDER QUALIFICATION AS PER ASME SEC IX
5. PWHT REQUIREMENT AS PER ASME SEC VIII DIV 1 CL.
UG-56
6. IMPACT TEST REQUIREMENT AS PER UCS-65
7. FABRICATION TOLERANCES AS PER UG-80
 TESTING
 ALL BUTT JOINTS TO BE RT/UT/MPT/DP TESTED AS PER ASME CODE
REQUIREMENT
 ALL CORNER JOINTS e.g. NOZZLE TO SHELL JOINT SHALL BE MPT/DP TESTED.
ALL FILLET WELDS SHALL BE DP TESTED.
 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR NDT REQUIREMENT FOR WELD JOINT
– FOR R.T. ---------- APPENDIX IV - ASME SEC. VIII DIV.1
– FOR M.P.T. ------ APPENDIX VI
– FOR D.P.T. ------ APPENDIX VIII
– FOR U.T. --------- APPENDIX XII

 EQUIPMENT TEST :
– HYDROTEST --> 1.3 x DESIGN PRESSURE (UG-99)
– PNEUMATIC TEST ---> 1.1 x DESIGN PRESSURE (UG-100)

 OFFICIAL STAMP FOR CODED VESSELS

– ‘U’ STAMPS --- ASME SEC. VIII DIV.1
– ‘UV’ STAMPS --- FOR PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
 PREHEATING REQUIREMENT
PREHEATING REDUCES THE SUSCEPTIBILTY OF THE
WELDMENT TO COLD CTACKING /HYDROGEN CRACKING
PREHEATING REQUIREMENTS DEPENDING ON THE
CARBON EQUIVALENT (CE)
CE % SUGGESTED TEMP
UP TO 0.45 % OPTIONAL
0.45 % TO 0.60 % 200-400 F
ABOVE 0.60 % 400 – 700 F
EFFECT OF PREHEATING :
1. ELIMINATES THE DANGER OF CRACK FORMATION
2. MINIMIZES HARD ZONE ADJACENT TO WLED
3. MINIMIZES THE SHRINKAGE STRESS
4. MINIMIZES THE DESTORTION
 PREHEATING CODE
REQUIREMENT
MATERIAL GROUPS MINIMUM PREHEATING
(P NUMBER) TEMPERATURE (F)

P-1 (CS) 175

P-3 (LOW ALLOY STEEL ) 250
P-6 (MARTENSITIC SS) 400
P-7 (FERRITIC SS) NONE
& P-8 (AUSTENITIC SS)

THIS IS AS PER ASME CODE SEC IX

 POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT
OBJETCIVE:
1.TO REDUCE THE RESIDUAL STRESSES AT WELD & HAZ
2.TO MODIFY THE MICRO-STRUCTURE (HAZ)

EFFECT:
1. SUSCETIBLITIES TO BRITTLE FAILURE
DECREASES.
2. RESISTANCE TO STRESS CORROSION
CRACKING INCREASES.
3. DIMENSIONAL STABILITIES INCREASES.

PWHT PARAMETER
1. HEATING RATE
2. SOAKING TEMPERATURE
3. COOLING RATE
 PWHT CODE REQUIREMENT
MATERIAL HOLDING TEMP. (F) MIN HOLDING
TIME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P-1,3,4 1100-1250 1.0 Hr/inch
(CS & LAS)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P-6 1250-1400 1.0Hr/inch
(Martensitic SS)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P-8 PWHT neither required nor prohibited
(Austenitic SS)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REQUIREMENT OF PRODUCTION CONTROL
TESTING- PTC REQUIREMENT
PTC SIMULATES THE ACTUAL WELD JOINT WITH THE BASE
MATERIAL & WELDING CONSUMABLES FROM THE SAME HEAT &
MELT AS THOSE USED IN ACTUL JOINT.
THE PTC UNDERGOES IDENTIAL FABRICATION SEQUENCE, DONE
BY THE SAME WELDERS, SAME WELDING PARAMETERS WITH SAME
CONSTAINTS SIMULATED AS THAT OF JOB.
TYPES OF PRODUCTION TEST COUPONS
1. THE SMULATED WELD COUPON – STC
2. THE FINAL TEST COUPON – FTC
STC – THIS IS BASICALLY THE TEST COUPON OF THE WELD JOINT,
WHICH IS SUBJECTED TO THE SIMULATED HEAT TREATMENT
CYCLE, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT OF ALL POSSIBLE EVANTUALITIES
LIKE REPAIRE, ADDITIONAL HEAT TREATMENT ETC.
FTC – THIS IS BASICALLY THE TEST COUPON OF THE WELDMENT,
WHICH IS SUBJECTED TO THE ACTUAL HAET TREATMENT SEEN IN
THE JOB. THIS COUPON IS MADE SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH THE JOB.
 HYDRO & PNUMATIC TESTING OF PRESSURE VESSEL
HYDROTESTING IS TO DONE AS PER ASME SEC VIII DIV-1-CL UG-99

HYDROTEST PRESSURE =
1.3 X (P design) x (allow stress at test temp/ allow stress at
design temp)

HYDROTEST STRESS SHOULD NOT EXCCED 90 % OF THE YIELD STRESS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PNUMTAIC TESTING IS TO BE DONE AS PER ASME SEC VIII DIV 1 –CL UG100

PNUMATIC TETSING IS CARRIED OUT FOR FOLLOWING VESSELS

1. THE VESSELS THAT ARE SO SUPPORTED OR DESIGNED SUCH
THAT THEY CAN NOT BE SAFTY FILLED WITH WATER.
2. NOT READILY DRIED, THAT ARE TO BE USED IN THE SERVICES
WHERE TRACE OF THE TESTING MEDIUM CANNOT BE TOLERATED.

PNUMATIC TEST PRESSURE = 1.1 X DESIGN PRESSURE

THE METAL TEMPERATURE DURING PNUMATIC TESTING SHALL BE MAINTAINED ATLEAT

17 DRG C ABOVE THE MDMT TO MINIMISE THE RISK OF BRITTLE FRACTURE.
 ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CERTIFICATES
OF AUTHORIZATION & CODE SYMBOL STAMPS

SYMBOL/STAMP CODE BOOKS REQUIRED

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. “A” ( ASSEBLY BOILER) --- B 31.1 &SEC- 1 & SEC II –C
2. “U”(PRESSURE VESSEL) ---- ASME SEC VIII DIV -1
3. “U2”(PRESSURE VESSEL) ---- ASME SEC VIII DIV-2
4. “U3” (HIGH PV) ----- ASME SEC VIII DIV- 3
4. “S” (POWER BOILER) ------ B31.1 & SEC-1
5. “UV” (PV SAFETY VALVE)----ASME SEC VIIII DIV -1 /2
6. “V” (BOILER SAFETY VALVE) ----- SEC -1
7. “qp” (PRESSURE PIPING) ------ B31.1 & SEC -1
SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER AS PER TEMA

 TEMA CLASS -
– TYPE R : FOR THE GENERALLY SEVERE REQUIREMENTS OF PETROLEUM & RELATED
PROCESSING APPLICATIONS.
– TYPE C: FOR THE GENERALLY MODERATE REQUIREMENTS OF COMMERICIAL & GENERAL
PROCESS APPLICATIONS.
– TYPE B: FOR CHEMICAL PROCESS SERVICE.

 TUBE PATTERNS AS PER TEMA CLAUSE RCB 2.4.

 ELEMENTS OF HEAT EXCHANGER :

A. BODY FLANGES
B. TUBE SHELL
C. TUBES
D. BAFFLES
E. SHELL & DISHED END
F. CHANNEL COVERS
G. SPACERS AND TIE ROD.
H. EXPANSION BELLOW.
A BRIEF DISCUSSION ON ASME SECT ION VIII DIVISIONS 1 AND 2 AND T HE NEW DIVISION 3
K.T.Lau, Ph.D., P.Eng., 3rd Annual Pres s ure Indus try Conference, Banff, Alberta, Canada, February 1999.

Section VIII Division 1 Section VIII Division 2 Section VIII Division 3

"Unfired" Pressure Vessel Rules Alternative Rules Alternative Rules for High Pressure
Published < 1940 1968 1997
Pressure Limits Normally up to 3000 psig No limits either way, usually 600+ psig No limit; Normally from 10,000 psig
General, Construction Type & Material General, Material, Design, Fabrication
Similar to Division 2
Organization U, UG, UW, UF, UB, UCS, UNF, UCI, and others
KG, KM, KD, KF, KR, KE, KT, KS
UCL, UCD, UHT, ULT AG, AM, AD, AF, AR, AI, AT, AS
Design Factor 4 on tensile (3.5* Design Factor of 3 on tensile
Yield based with reduction factor for
Design Factor proposed) and other yield and (lower factor under reviewed) and other
yield to tensile ratio less than 0.7
temperature considerations yield and temperature considerations
Membrane - Maximum stress Shell of Revolution - Max. shear stress Maximum shear stress
Generally Elastic analysis Generally Elastic analysis Elastic/Plastic Analyses and more.
Very detailed design rules with Quality Membrane + Bending. Fairly detailed Some design rules provided; Fatigue
Design Rules (joint efficiency) Factors. Little stress design rules. In addition to the design analysis required; Fracture mechanics
alaysis required; pure membrane rules, discontinuities, fatigue and other evaluation required unless proven leak-
without consideration of discontinuities stress analysis considerations may be before-burst, Residual stresses
controlling stress co required u become significant and maybe
Experimental Stress Experimental design verification but
Normally not required Introduced and may be required
Analysis may be exempted
Even more restrictive than Division 2
with different requirements.Fracture
Few restrictions on materials; Impact More restrictions on materials; impact toughness testing requirement for
Material and Impact
required unless exempted; extensive required in general with similar rules as fracture mechanics evaluation
Testing
exemptions under UG-20, UCS 66/67 Division 1 Crack tip opening displacement
(CTOD) testing and establishment of
KIc and/or JIc values
More stringent NDE requirements; Even more restrictive than Division 2;
NDE requirements may be exempted
NDE Requirements extensive use of RT as well as UT, MT UT used for all butt welds, RT
through increased design factor
and PT. otherwise, extensive use of PT and MT
Butt Welds and extensive use of other
Extensive use/requirement of butt welds
Welding and Different types with butt welds and construction methods such as
and full penetration welds including non-
fabrication others threaded, layered, wire-wound,
pressure attachment welds
interlocking strip-wound and others
User’s Design Specification with more
User's Design Specification with detailed specific details (see KG-310) including
User or designated agent to provide
User design requirements (see AG-301.1) contained fluid data, etc with useful
specifications (see U-2(a))
include AD 160 for fatigue evaluation operation life expected and others.
Designer defined
Manufacturer's Design Report certifying
Manufacturer to declare compliance in
Manufacturer design specification and code Same as Division 2
data report
compliance in addition to data report
Professional Engineers' Certification of Same as Division 2 but the
Professional User's Design Specification as well as Professional Engineer shall be
Engineer Normally not required Manufacturer's Design Report experienced in high pressure vessel
Certification Professional Engineer shall be design and shall not sign for both User
experienced in pressure vessel design and Manufacturer
Safety Relief Valve UV Stamp UV Stamp UV3 Stamp
U Stamp with Addition markings U3 Stamp with additional marking
Code Stamp and U2 Stamp with Additional marking
including W , P, B, RES; L, UB, DF; denoting construction type; HT, PS,
Marking including HT
RT, HT WL, M, F, W, UQT, WW, SW
1.5 (To be lowered to 1.3 for the 1.25 (may be exempted for
Hydrostatic Test 1.25
proposed 3.5* Design Factor) autofrettaged vessels)
* Code Cases 2278 and 2290 for ASME Section VIII Division 1 allow for alternative maximum allowable design stresses based on a factor of 3.5 under
certain provisions. It is believed that these code cases with the provisions, may be incorporated into the Code sometime in the future.

Common Features
Jurisdiction may have requirements in addition to Code
MNW DEOXY-TOWER:
A CASE STUDY
DE-OXY TOWER
G.A. DRAWING- ELEVATION
PLAN
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