CLOUD COMPUTING

CHAPTER 3: CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS

LECTURER: IVAN RE AMPER
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INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 3: CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS
INTRODUCTION

 According to a report by Dell in 2012, the cloud is not just a

technology. Rather, it is a corporate strategy based on business
outcomes.
 The overview of the Reference Architecture for the cloud lists five major
actors: cloud consumer, cloud provider, cloud broker, cloud auditor, and
cloud carrier.
INTRODUCTION

 The NIST Cloud Computing Standards Roadmap Working Group (NIST-SP 500-
292 std.), an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce, has surveyed the
existing standards landscape for security, portability, and inter-operability
standards/models/studies/use cases, and so on, relevant to cloud computing.
The overview of the Reference Architecture for the cloud lists five major
actors: cloud consumer, cloud provider, cloud broker, cloud auditor, and cloud
carrier
CLOUD SERVICES
REQUIREMENTS
CHAPTER 3: CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS
CLOUD SERVICES REQUIREMENTS

 Here we list some of the best practices that every successful cloud computing
platform should follow:
1. Better Security: Providing the best security at every level.
2. Better Transparency: Providing transparent, real-time, accurate service performance and
information.
3. True Multi-tenancy: Deliver maximum scalability and performance to customers with a
true multi-tenant architecture.
CLOUD SERVICES REQUIREMENTS

 Here we list some of the best practices that every successful cloud computing
platform should follow:
4. Proven Scale: Support millions of users with proven scalability.
5. Better Performance: Deliver consistent, high-speed performance globally.
6. Better Disaster Recovery: Protect customer data by running the service on multiple
geographically dispersed data centers with extensive backup, data archive, and failover
capabilities.
CLOUD SERVICES REQUIREMENTS

 Here we list some of the best practices that every successful cloud computing platform
should follow:
7. Better Availability: Equip world-class facilities with proven high-availability infrastructure
and application software.
8. Resource Reservation: The cloud should assure that at the needed time, the resources or the
services will be absolutely available to the customer.
9. Self-Service portal: The cloud should offer a self-service facility to its customers. Similar to
McDonalds, if there is no one to serve you a cheeseburger, then you opt for self-service.
Similarly, cloud users should be able to manage using a web-based self-service portal.
CLOUD SERVICES REQUIREMENTS

 Here we list some of the best practices that every successful cloud computing
platform should follow:
10. Dynamic Resource Allocations: It should be possible through the cloud to perform
resource distribution and re-distributions easily. This dynamic resource allocation and de-
allocation illustrates the efficiency of SaaS.
11. The resource distribution and actual cloud utilization must be reported in an accounting
database.
12. Dynamic workload management, resource automation, and metering of these resources
are also required essentials in a cloud.
THE CLOUD AND DYNAMIC
INFRASTRUCTURE
CHAPTER 3: CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS
THE CLOUD AND DYNAMIC INFRASTRUCTURE

 We define a dynamic infrastructure as an information technology

paradigm that concerns the design of data centers so that the
underlying hardware and software can respond dynamically to
changing levels of demand in more fundamental and efficient ways
than before.
 This paradigm is also known as Infrastructure 2.0 and a Next
Generation Data Center.
PRINCIPLE OF DYNAMIC INFRASTRUCTURES

 The principle of dynamic infrastructures is "To leverage pooled IT

resources to provide flexible IT capacity, enabling seamless, real-
time allocation of IT resources in line with demand from business
processes.“
PRINCIPLE OF DYNAMIC INFRASTRUCTURES

 This is achieved using server virtualization technology to pool

computing resources wherever possible and allocating these
resources on demand using automated tools. This provides load
balancing because it avoids underutilization of resources.
 Examples include Flex Frame for SAP, which is a server-level
dynamic infrastructure (or e.g., Flex Frame for Oracle Solutions by
Fujitsu Siemens Computers).
PRINCIPLE OF DYNAMIC INFRASTRUCTURES

 Fujitsu defines dynamic infrastructures as enabling customers to

assign IT resources dynamically to services as required and to
choose sourcing models which best fit their businesses. This brings
IT flexibility and efficiency to the next level.
 IBM defines dynamic infrastructures as integrating business and IT
assets and aligning them with the overall goals of the business
while taking a smarter, new, and more streamlined approach to
helping improve service, reduce cost, and manage risk.
PRINCIPLE OF DYNAMIC INFRASTRUCTURES

 The approach of these companies is to dynamically assign servers

to applications on demand, leveling peaks, and enabling companies
to maximize the benefit of their IT investments, that is, their
Return-on-Investment (ROI). If an enterprise switches to dynamic
infrastructures, then it also reduces costs, improves quality-of-
service, and make more important use of energy by reducing the
number of standby or underutilized machines in their data centers.
PRINCIPLE OF DYNAMIC INFRASTRUCTURES

 Furthermore, these dynamic infrastructures provide for failover

from a smaller pool of spare machines. By reducing redundant
capacity, organizations are enabled to make more efficient use of
their IT budgets and devote greater proportions of their budget to
physical and virtual production servers.
PRINCIPLE OF DYNAMIC INFRASTRUCTURES

 Dynamic infrastructures may also be used to provide security and

data protection when workloads are moved during migrations,
provisioning, enhancing performance, or building co-location
facilities.
BENEFITS OF DYNAMIC INFRASTRUCTURES

• Enhancing performance
• Scalability
• System availability and uptime
• Better server utilizations
BENEFITS OF DYNAMIC INFRASTRUCTURES

• Performing routine maintenance of physical or virtual systems

• Mitigating interruption to business operations
• Reducing IT costs
• Providing business continuity
BENEFITS OF DYNAMIC INFRASTRUCTURES

• For networking companies, Infrastructure 2.0 refers to the ability of

networks to keep up with the movement and scale requirements of
new enterprise IT initiatives, like virtualization and cloud
computing.
BENEFITS OF DYNAMIC INFRASTRUCTURES

• As per the reports of big companies like Cisco, F5 Networks, and

Infoblox, network automation and connectivity intelligence
between networks, applications, and endpoints will be required to
reap the full benefits of virtualization and cloud computing. This
requires network management and infrastructure to consolidate,
enabling higher levels of dynamic control and connectivity between
networks, systems, and endpoints.
USES OF DYNAMIC INFRASTRUCTURES

• Dynamic infrastructures make use of the intelligence gained across

the network. By design, every dynamic infrastructure is service-
oriented. It can also use alternative sourcing approaches like cloud
computing to deliver new services with agility and speed.
DYNAMIC INFRASTRUCTURE APPLICATIONS

1. Transportation companies can optimize their vehicle's routes

leveraging GPS and traffic information.
2. Technology systems can be optimized for energy efficiency,
managing spikes in demand, and ensuring disaster recovery
readiness.
3. Utility companies can reduce energy with a "smart grid."
CLOUD ADOPTION
CHAPTER 3: CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS
CLOUD ADOPTION

The cloud allows businesses and people to avail

themselves of services and information available from any
place at any time as long as the system is in the network.
Practically speaking, we all use different types of cloud
services in different ways in our daily life; for example,
Gmail, Pandora (music website), and so on.
CLOUD ADOPTION

 The cloud should also be innovative with regard to the different cloud actors,
as discussed earlier. Cloud adoption follows a life cycle:
 Phase-1: (Evaluation) Evaluate cloud challenges, prospects, and the impact
on markets.
 Phase-2: (Plan) Build up a cloud strategy, develop and implement security
measures, plan for which service to implement in a company (out of SaaS,
IaaS, or PaaS).
CLOUD ADOPTION

 The cloud should also be innovative with regard to the different cloud actors,
as discussed earlier. Cloud adoption follows a life cycle:
 Phase-3: (Adopt) After planning, we can contemplate cloud adoption,
keeping in mind various cloud deployment architectures and identifying the
servers to understand its implementation.
 Phase-4: (Optimize) Deliver online lessons after every cloud deployment in
an organization. Draw timeline charts and locate skilled people before you
deploy a cloud.
CLOUD ADOPTION

 The selection of cloud computing strategies for an organization involves very

critical issues. The question is to see where, if a company adopts a cloud
technology, it will give any value to the present business? How much effort and
risk is involved in a cloud implementation? Can we implement the cloud on
only a few selected areas of the business? How can we control the shifting of
an organization from current technology to cloud computing?
CLOUD ADOPTION

 The selection of cloud computing strategies for an organization involves very

critical issues. The question is to see where, if a company adopts a cloud
technology, it will give any value to the present business? How much effort and
risk is involved in a cloud implementation? Can we implement the cloud on
only a few selected areas of the business? How can we control the shifting of
an organization from current technology to cloud computing?
CLOUD ADOPTION

 It is also important to understand that the answer to this is that the

organization should make a decision to implement the cloud on the basis of
three factors, that is, scalability, availability, and cost and convenience. The
term Cloud Data Center (CDC) is also in the cloud computing literature. A CDC
may be an internal, external, or a federated provider of infrastructure, platform,
or software services.
CLOUD ADOPTION

 However, an optimal decision cannot always be established for all cases. This is
because the types of resources (infrastructure, storage, software) obtained
from a CDC depend on the size of the organization and an understanding of
the IT impact on business, workloads, flexibility, and available money and
resources for testing. The objective is to have a scalability-driven, availability-
driven, market-driven, and convenience-driven strategy.
PROS AND CONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
CHAPTER 3: CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS
PROS AND CONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

i. Cost Efficient
 Cloud computing is probably the most cost effective way to use,
maintain, and upgrade applications. Traditional desktop software
costs a lot. Adding up the licensing fees for multiple users in a
company can prove to be very expensive. The cloud, on the other
hand, is available at much cheaper rates and can significantly
lower the company's IT expenses (pay-as-you-go and other
scalable options).
PROS AND CONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

ii. Unlimited Storage

 Storing information on the cloud provides an almost unlimited
storage capacity.
PROS AND CONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

iii.Backup and Recovery

 Since all the data is stored on the cloud, backing it up and
restoring it is relatively easier than storing the data on a physical
device. The entire process of backup and recovery becomes
much simpler than other traditional methods.
PROS AND CONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

iv. Automatic Software Integration

 Software integration is usually something that occurs
automatically on the cloud. This means that cloud users don’t
have to make additional efforts to customize and integrate their
applications.
PROS AND CONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

v. Easy Access to Information

 Once users register on the cloud, they can access their
information from anywhere via an Internet connection. This
convenient feature lets users overcome time zone and
geographic location issues.
PROS AND CONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

vi. Quick Deployment

 Cloud computing gives the advantage of quick deployment. The
entire system can be fully functional in a matter of a few
minutes. Of course, the amount of time taken depends on the
kind of technology that is needed for the business.
PROS AND CONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

vii. Scalability
 Cloud computing makes it easier for an organization to scale their
services according to the demand of clients. The consumer business can
scale up or scale down the operation and storage needs quickly to suit
the situation, allowing flexibility as the needs change. Rather than
purchasing and installing expensive upgrades, the cloud service provider
can handle this for the consumer. Using the cloud, the consumer frees up
their time so that they can get on with running their business.
PROS AND CONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

 Cloud computing also has its disadvantages. Businesses,

especially smaller ones, need to be aware of these aspects before
using the services provided on the cloud. 
PROS AND CONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

i. Technical Issues
 Though it is true that information and data on the cloud can be accessed
any time and from anywhere, there might be instances when the system
can have some serious malfunctions. Businesses should be aware of the
fact that this technology is always prone to outages and other technical
issues. Even the best cloud service providers face these issues, in spite of
ensuring high standards of maintenance.
PROS AND CONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

ii. Security on the Cloud

 Security of data is the other major issue of cloud computing technology.
Before adopting this technology, users should be aware of the risks of
surrendering their confidential data to third-party cloud service providers.
Users need to be sure that they choose the most reliable service provider
who will ensure the security of their data. Storing information on the cloud
can make companies vulnerable to external hack attacks and threats.
Therefore, there is always the lurking possibility of theft of sensitive data.
PROS AND CONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

iii. Vendor Lock-In

 Organizations may find it difficult to migrate their services from one vendor
to another. Hosting and integrating current cloud applications on another
platform may come up with issues like interoperability and support systems.
Although cloud service providers promise that the cloud will be flexible to
use and integrate, switching cloud services has not yet completely evolved.
PROS AND CONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

iv. Possible Downtime

 Cloud computing makes the customer business dependent on the reliability
of their Internet connection. If the Internet connection is offline, the
customer won’t be able to access any of their applications, servers, or data
from the cloud.
PROS AND CONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

v. Limited Control
 The service provider is responsible for managing and monitoring the cloud
infrastructure, so customers have minimal control over it. The customer can
only control and manage the data, applications, and services operated on
top of the cloud. The key administrative tasks such as server shell access,
updating and firmware management may not be passed to the customer or
end user.
THANK
YOU!