JIMMA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

WELCOME TO MY PRESENTATION

ON

BIODIESEL PRODUCTION AND ALTERNATIVE FUEL

BY BELETE ERBELO MAY ,2022

 Presentation Content

• Introduction
• Biodiesel conditions
• Biodiesel Production
• Methods
• Conclusion
 1. INTRODUCTION

Global energy demand is expected to increase due to urbanization, accelerating

living needs, and population growth. biodiesel is destined to make a significant
contribution to the future energy needs of the domestic and Industrial economy.
Abdul-Aziz Atabani confirms that biodiesel has become increasingly attractive
in recent years due to the increasing awareness of fossil fuels and environmental
concerns. In the transport sector, private cars, buses, trucks and ships also use
large quantities of diesel and petrol.
Raman Studied biodiesel is a renewable liquid fuel derived from biological
resources and has proven to be good substitute for crude oil in the transportation
sector.
the transport sector is the second largest energy sector after the industrial sector
 Cont.....
Daming Huang, Haining, et, al based on their resaerch In addition, emissions
from the combustion of fossil fuels contribute to air pollution and global
warming.

Figure of Effect of global warming

Climate change is currently considered the most pressing global environmental
problem. When the global average temperature rises by more than 2 degrees
Celsius.
 Cont..

Abdul-Aziz Atabani investigated emissions are also an important parameter to

study, as they are associated with life (humans, animals and trees) on the planet.

Figure of Breakdown of world marketed energy consumption by fuel in 2007 and

2035 Respectively.
 1.1 Types of biodiesel and operating conditions

Biodiesel can be divided into Four main Types

oilseeds
soybeans
palm oil
animal fats
 Daming Huang, Zhou, et, al Studied one of the advantages of this fuel is that the raw
materials used in its production are natural and renewable. All of these oils are derived
from vegetable and animal fats, so they are biodegradable and non-toxic.
 1.2 Feed stocks Raw Materials

Biodiesel feed stocks are classified by the amount of three fatty acids they
contain.
Refined vegetable oils < 0.05%
Crude oil vegetable 0.5-5%
Used cooking oil 2-7%
Animal fat 10-30%
 2. Production of Biodiesel

Alemayehu Gashaw, Tewdros Getachew, et, al studied that various processes can be
applied to biodiesel synthesis such as screening, direct use and mixing, micro
emulsification process, pyrolysis process and everything in between.
The most common method is the transeterfication process. Indeed, this method is
relatively simple, operates under normal conditions and provides the best conversion
efficiency and the best quality of converted fuel.
 Jabade Shidagonda, et, al both confirms Alcohol,methanol,ethanol,propanol,butanol
and amyl are used in the transeterifiction reaction. The most popular are methanol and
ethanol, especially methanol due to its minimal cost and physical synthetic
advantages. It can react quickly with fats, and sodium hydroxide is effectively soluble
in this alcohol.
 cont...
the conversion of oil to methyl esters can be achieved through the transformation cycle
 Jabade Shidagonda, et, al studied Transesterification process involves the reaction of fatty oils
and methyl liquids in consumable or potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or edible
oils in the presence of a catalyst for the production of glycerol and unsaturated fatty esters .

Figure Transesterification process of biodiesel production

 Cont..
The main raw materials for biodiesel production vary in different regions
depending on availability.
 Yifan Wang, Laurence, et, al stated that American biodiesel is typically made
from canola and rapeseed oil in Europe and palm oil in Malaysia.
first and second generation biodiesel regularly competes with agricultural land
and has a direct and indirect impact on biodiversity and the provision of
ecosystem services. In addition, biodiesel obtained from different rations are
characterized by marked changes in purity, composition and properties.
 2.1 Biodiesel produced steps

1. Preheating of crude oil: Oil is preheated at 50-55o C.

2. Mixing up of Alcohol, KOH, or NaOH, and crude preheated oil: biodiesel is
produced by using methanol having an optimum molar ratio (4:1) and KOH of
about 1.5% of the content of the respective oil.
3. Reaction: The mixture is kept on a magnetic stirrer at 50-60o C for 1 hour 15
minutes.
4. Glycerol and biodiesel after reaction, get separated in a separating funnel.
5. Washing of biodiesel: The biodiesel in the separating funnel is washed heated
three times to remove the remaining extracts of the KOH/NaOH and Methanol.
 cont..

Flow Chart for Preparation of biodiesel

According to A, Gnanaprakasam,V, M, et, al research Waste oil can be used as feedstock for
biodiesel production.

production of biodiesel from different feedstock

 3. BIODIESEL PRODUCTION METHODS

Jun Cong, Sam Ki Yoon, et, al Identified methods for biodiesel production
can be divided into "physical" and "chemical" according to the process
method and properties of biodiesel
Physical Methods
Direct Mixing Method
Micro emulsion Method
 Chemical Methods
Pyrolysis Method
Transesterification Method
 2.1 Factors Affecting Biodiesel Production

Alemayehu Gashaw, Tewdros Getachew, et, al concluded that The resulting

biodiesel is mixed with mineral with diesel in all proportions. After
transeseterification, the flash point of biodiesel decreases and the cetane number
increases. In the transesterification process, the biodiesel yield is affected by
several process parameters, including moisture and free fatty acids (FFA).
Reaction time Catalyst and alcohol oil reaction temperature and molar ratio.
Difficulties in cultivation, harvesting, and collection
expensive transportation handling, and storage
Water naturally prevents acid reactions. In addition, its presence in the product
will reduce the efficiency of the engine.
 4. Advantages of biodiesel

Raman Studied The main environmental benefit of monitoring biodiesel is

carbon neutrality, meaning that using 100% biodiesel in our vehicles means we
are not contributing to the global warming crisis.
Abdul-Aziz Atabani confirms that biodiesel is renewable, non-toxic, non-
flammable, available, biodegradable, durable, environmentally and free of
sulfur and aromatic materials, making it an ideal fuel for a polluted city.
Biodiesel also reduces the content of certain substances in the ambient air and
reduces air toxicity. 90% reduced risk of cancer and birth defects with cleaner
burns Biodiesel has excellent lubricating properties.
 4.1 Agricultural capacity utilization in African countries

 Table 1 Biodiesel production potential of some African countries Babajide

Country Feedstock Biofuels potential (ML)

Kenya Molasses 413

Ethiopia Molasses 480

Nigeria Sugarcane/ Jatropa 70

South Africa Sunflower 215

Zimbabwe Jatropa 100

 5.Conclusion

Biodiesel is a promising and most attractive fuel for diesel engines due to its
renewable nature and environmental benefits. The most important issue to consider is
the high cost of biodiesel compared to fossil fuels. Producing food using low-quality
raw materials that do not compete with food, such as non-edible oils and fats, is an
effective way to reduce biodiesel production costs.
Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oil through a transesterification reaction in
which the organic group (alkyl) in the alcohol is replaced by the organic group of a
fatty acid alkyl ester (FAME) and glycerol-producing triglycerides.
. The production of biodiesel is a simple process that does not require a complicated
technology.
biodiesel as a sustainable and environmentally safe fuel alternative. It also has the
advantage of being a source of photosynthesis, which is an environmentally friendly,
renewable part of the carbon cycle.
THANK YOU