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• Speech organs/Articulators
• IPA (44 sounds) vs. English
alphabet (26 letters)
SPEECH ORGANS/ARTICULATORS
 SPEECH ORGANS/ARTICULATORS
• Pharynx: tube above larynx
• Soft palate or Velum: lowered or raised to
allow air to pass through the nose or the
mouth  velar consonants
• Hard palate: roof of the mouth  palatal
consonants
• Alveolar ridge: between the top front teeth
and the hard palate  alveolar consonants
 SPEECH ORGANS/ARTICULATORS
• Tongue: can be moved to many
different places and different shapes,
divided into tip, blade, front, back
and root.
 SPEECH ORGANS/ARTICULATORS
• Teeth: upper and lower, at front of
mouth  dental consonants
• Lips: can be pressed together 
bilabial, brought into contact with
the teeth  labiodental, or rounded
 rounded vowels like /u:/
• 3 others: larynx, jaws, nose
The English Alphabet: 26 letters
The English sounds: 44
 SPEECH SOUNDS & CLASSIFICATION
• Vowels: 20
12 monophthongs
8 diphthongs
• Consonants: 24
6 plosives
9 fricatives
2 affricates
3 nasals
1 lateral approximant
3 approximants
12 English Monophthongs, 7 short and 5 long
8 English Diphthongs
24 English Consonants
 Exercises
Do exercise 1 on page 15