HOW DOES THE DNA I.

ENZYME HELICASE
UNWINDS OR UNZIP THE
REPLICATION DOUBLE HELIX
HAPPEN? II.EZNYME PRIMASE CREATES
PRIMER TO BE THE STARTING
POINT OF REPLICATION
III. ENZYME POLYMERASE
BIND TO THE PRIMER AND
BEGINS TO BUILD A NEW
STRAND
IV.ENZYME EXONUCLEASE
REMOVES ALL RNA PRIMER IN
BOTH STRAND
V. ENZYME LIGASE SEALS UP
THE FRAGMENTS IN BOTH
STRAND
PASS THE
MESSAGE
(flow of genetic information)

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Transcription
Transcription
-where the order of
nucleotides in DNA
determines the order of
nucleotides in messenger
RNA
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 STEP 1 (Initiation)

Ribonucleic Acid
polymerase enzyme
binds and opens the
DNA molecule that will
be transcribed.
 STEP 2 (Elongation)

As the DNA molecule opens,

the RNA polymerase slides
along the DNA strand and links
free RNA nucleotides that pair
with the nitrogenous bases of
the complementary DNA strand.
CCG TTA CAT
GGC AAU GUA
 STEP 3 (Termination)
When the process of base
pairing is completed, the
RNA molecule breaks away
as the DNA strands rejoin.
The RNA leaves the nucleus
and goes to the cytoplasm.
 Transcription
 The structure of DNA enables the molecule to be easily
transcribed since it can be unzipped by RNA polymerase
and make corresponding mRNA.

 This is important to keep the integrity of the DNA as the

basis of heredity but at the same time produce the
products that are encoded in the genes.

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 Why is RNA important to
the cell?
 RNA brings the information from the
DNA, which is in the nucleus, and
brings it to the cytoplasm and serves as
a template for protein synthesis.

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