Antiderivatives

Objectives

 To define antidifferentiation.

 To investigate antiderivatives, indefinite

integrals, and all of their parts.

 To use power and substitution integration

rules.
Antidifferentiation

 This operation of determining the original

function from its derivative is the inverse
operation of differentiation.
 Is a process or operation that reverses
differentiation.
Indefinite Integral

 The indefinite integral is a family of functions

1 4
 x dx  4 x  C
3

 
2 1
3 x  4 dx  3 x  4x  C

 The + C represents an arbitrary constant

 The constant of integration

4
Discovery of Power Rule for
Antiderivatives
If f ‘ (x) = 4 x3  9 x 2  2 x  3
Then f(x) = x 4  3 x 3  x 2  3 x

If f ‘ (x) = x  3x  2
Then f(x) = 2 32 3 2
x  x  2x
3 2

If f ‘ (x) =  4 x 2  3x  5
Then f(x) =
4 3 3 2
x  x  5x
3 2
 n 1
n x
Antideriva tive of x 
n 1
 Differentiation
Integration

The process of finding

a derivative The process of finding
the antiderivative

dy
, y' , f ' ( x)
dx
 f ( x)dx
 f ( x)dx is the indefinite integral of f(x) with respect to x.

Each function has more than one antiderivative (actually infinitely many)

Derivative of: x 3  3x 2
x 3  6  3x 2
x 3  4  3x 2
x 3  58  3 x 2
General Solution for an Indefinite
Integral

 f ( x)dx  F ( x)  C
Where c is a constant
Basic Integration Formulas
n 1
x
 dx  n  1  C
n
x

 kdx  kx  C
 cos ax
 sin( ax)dx  a  C
sin ax
 cos(ax)dx  a  C
Find:
x6
 dx  C
5
x
6

 cos 2 x
 sin 2 xdx  C
2
 1 1 1

 x
dx   x 2 dx  2 x 2  C  2 x  C

x
x sin
x
 cos 2 dx 
1
2  C  2 sin  C
2
2
Basic Integration Rules

 kf ( x ) dx  k  f ( x ) dx

  f ( x )  g ( x ) dx   f ( x ) dx   g ( x ) dx
Evaluate:
 5 x  x 2  6 x  4 dx
3

  5 x 3 dx   x 2 dx   6 xdx   4dx

 5 x 3dx   x 2 dx  6  xdx   4dx

 x4   x3   x2 
 5  C     C   6  C   4 x  C
 4   3   2 
5x 4 x3
   3x 2  4 x  C
4 3
Evaluate:


5
x 3 dx

8
3
x 5 8
5 5
x 5
 C  x C
8 8
5
Evaluate:
 4 sin x  3 cos x dx
 4  sin xdx  3 cos xdx

 4 cos x  C  3 sin x  C

 4 cos x  3 sin x  C
Evaluate:

 3  x  dx
2 2

 
  9  6 x 2  x 4 dx
5
x
 9 x  2 x3   C
5
5
x
  2 x3  9 x  C
5
Evaluate:
sin x
 cos 2 x dx
1 sin x
  dx
cos x cos x

  sec x  tan xdx

 sec x  C
 Evaluate

 (x
2
 sin x)dx.
 3
x
 ( x 2
 sin x ) dx   cos x  C
3
 Integration using substitution
 
3
 x 5  x 2 dx

 Let u = 5 – x2
du
 2 x
dx
 du   1 u 3 du
 xu 2 x 2
3

1 1 u4  u4

2  3
u du   
2 
 c  
 4 
 8
c

1
  5 x
8
2 4
c
 Evaluate using substitution
5 u 1 5
 2 x 2 x  1 dx  2
u du
u = 2x +1
1 6 1 u7 u6 

5
u  u du      c
du 2 2 7 6
2
dx
1  ( 2 x  1) ( 2 x  1) 
7 6

du    c
 xu du
5

5
2 xu  2 7 6 
2
Since, u = 2x +1
We can rearrange to: x = (u – 1)/2