Standard Speech coders

Audio band applications

 Voice Compression Standards
• ITU G.711
This standard is associated with the PCM encoding method
• ITU G.722
This standard is associated with the SB-ADPCM (Sub-band Adaptive D
ifferential Pulse Code Modulation) compression technique.
• ITU G.726
This standard is associated with the ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Puls
e Code Modulation) compression technique.
• ITU G.728
This standard is associated with the LD-CELP (Low-Delay Code Excite
d Linear Predictor) compression technique
• ITU G.729
This standard is associated with the CS-ACELP(Conjugate-Structure Al
gebraic Code Excited Linear Predictor) compression technique.
CELP coder blockdiagram
Coder

Decoder
Frame structure
Perceptual weighting filter

LPC spectrum of the

original speech

Frequency response
of the perceptual
weighting filter

Enhance the peaks

of the spectral
envelopes(formants
)
4.8kbps CELP speech coder
• CELP=Code-Excited Linear Prediction
• The principle is similar to the LPC Voc
oder except:
– Frame size is 30 msec (240 samples)
– Computationally more complex
– A pitch prediction filter is included
– Vector quantization concept is used
Bit allocations
 8.0kbps CS-ACELP speech
coder
• CS-ACELP=Conjugate-Structured Algebraic CELP.
• The principle is similar to the 4.8 kbps CELP Coder
except:
– Frame size is 10 msec (80 samples)
– There are only two subframes, each of which is 5 msec
(40 samples)
– The LSP parameters are encoded using two-stage vector
quantization.
– The gains are also encoded using vector quantization.
– At 10 msec per frame, 8 kbps is equivalent to 80 bits/fra
me. These 80 bits are allocated as follows
Bit allocations
 Demonstrations
"A lathe is a big tool. Grab every dish of sugar."
Original (64000 bps) The original speech signal sampled at 8000
samples/second and u-law quantized at 8 bits/sample .

ADPCM (32000 bps) Adaptive Differential Pulse Coded Modulation

(ADPCM) scheme. The bit rate: 4 bits/sample
(compression ratio of 2:1).
LD-CELP (16000 bps) Low-Delay Code Excited Linear Prediction (LD-
CELP) scheme. The bit rate: 2 bits/sample
(compression ratio of 4:1).
CS-ACELP (8000 bps) Conjugate-Structured Algebraic Code Excited
Linear Prediction (CS-ACELP) scheme. The bit
rate is 1 bit/sample (compression ratio of 8:1).
CELP (4800 bps) Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) scheme.
The bit rate is 0.6 bits/sample (compression ratio of 13.3:1).

LPC10 (2400 bps) Linear Predictive Coding (LPC10) scheme.

The bit rate is 0.3 bits/sample (compression ratio of 26.6:1).