MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION
TO
MANAGEMENT

BY SIDRA SHOAIB
INTRODUCTION:
 Management is an important element in every organization .It is
the element that coordinates current organizational activities
and plans for the future.
 The management adapts the organization to its environment and
shapes the organization to make it more suitable to the
organization.
DEFINITION
 Management is the art of “knowing what you want to do” and
then seeing that it is done in the best and cheapest way. (F.W .
Taylor)
 Management is a set of activities (including planning and
decision making , organizing, leading, controlling) directedto
an organization’s resources with the aim of achieving
organization goals in an efficient and effective manner.
IN THIS DEFINITION:
 Planning means Plan in advance.
 Organizing means coordination between
human resources and material resources.
 Controlling means to ensure bout implementation
of plan without deviation.
FUNCTIONS OF MANGEMENT:
PLANNING:
 It is a process of deciding the bussiness objectives and
charting out the plan/method for achieving the same.
This includes determination of what is to be done,how,
and where it is to be done,who will do it and how
result are to be evaluated.
ORGANIZING:
 According to Allen,The organizing refers to “ The structured which
results from identifying and grouping the work, defining,delegating
responsibility and authority and establishing relationships”
 To organize a business is to provide it with everything useful to its
functioning i.e. personnel, raw materials, machineries, capital etc
 Once objectives are established, manager has to develop plan to achieve
them with help of human resources as well as material resources.
LEADING: (DIRECTING)
 Directing involves communication, leadership and motivation.
Communication is the process of passing the information and
understanding it from one person to other person.
Leadership is the function whereby the person or manager guides and
influences the work of his subordinates.
Motivation is to motivate the employee to give their best to the
organization.
CONTROLLING:
 The controlling involves:
 Establishing standards of performance.
 Measuring current performance and comparing it against the established
standard.
 Taking corrective action that does not meet the standard.
control compels the events to confirm to plans.
HOW TO BECOME MANAGER:
There are many variations as there are managers, the most common path involves a combination
of education and experience.
 ROLE OF EDUCATION:
The primary advantage of education as a source of management skills is that a student can
follow a well-developed program of study becoming familiar with current research and thinking
on management.
 ROLE OF EXPERIENCE:
Most effective managers learn their skills through a combination of education and
experience. The individual gets his/her
First job and subsequently progress through a variety of management situations.
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT:
 LOWER LEVEL (FIRST LINE):
Formen and white collar supervisor.
 MIDDLE MANAGEMENT:
Sales managers,personnel managers,other departmental
heads.
 TOP MANAGEMENT:
Company Presidents,Executives,Vice Presidents.
MANAGERS IN DIFFERENT AREAS
OF THE ORGANIZATION:
 1. MARKETING MANAGER:
A marketing manager is responsible for managing the promotion and positioning of a
brand or the products and services that a company sells. Typically marketing managers are
employed to attract more customers to buy from the company and to raise brand awareness
through the creation of marketing campaigns.
2. FINANCIAL MANAGER:
Financial managers are responsible for the financial health of an organization. They
produce financial reports, direct investment activities, and develop strategies and plans for the long-
term financial goals of their organization. Financial managers work in many places, including banks and insurance
companies.
3.OPERATIONAL MANAGER:
An operations manager is a key part of a management team and oversees high-level HR duties, such as
attracting talent and setting training standards and hiring procedures. They also analyze and improve organizational
processes, and work to improve quality, productivity, and efficiency.
4. HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGERS:
Human resource managers are responsible for ensuring that the overall
administration, coordination, and evaluation of human resources plans and programs
are realized.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGER:
 Administrative managers oversee the work of other administrative and clerical staff while also providing such
duties themselves. Administrative managers help organize schedules, manage payroll and personnel databases,
create reports, and offer other clerical duties.
BASIC ROLES OF MANAGER:
UNIVERSALITY OF MANAGER:
 Universality of management means management is performed in all the organizations at every
level of organization, irrespective of its nature, size , location and objectives.

ARGUMENTS IN FAVOUR OF THE CONCEPTS:

1. The functions of management are performed in every organization.

2. All managers get the things done through other peoples.
3. Principle of Management apply to all the organizations.

ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE CONCEPTS:

4. Difference in culture of the nation / organization.

5. Difference in objectives of the organization.
6. Difference in Managerial Philosophy.
SKILLS OF MANAGERS
QUALITIES OF A MANAGER: