SECTION TWO

STRUCTURE&
WRITTEN EXPRESSION
S T R U C T U R E & WRITTEN EXPRESSION:

 The 2nd section of TOEFL Test

 Has 40 questions and 25 minutes to finish them in this section
 Two Types of questions:

1. Structure (1 – 15)

2. Written Expression (16 – 40)

GENERAL STRATEGIES

 Be familiar with the directions

 Begin with questions 1 through 15
 Continue with questions 16 through 40  
 If you have time, return to questions 11 through 15
 Never leave any questions blank on your answer sheet
 Guess to complete the section before time is up
THE STRUCTURE QUESTIONS
The Structure Questions

 1st type of this section

 Have 15 questions
 Test your knowledge of correct structure of English sentences.

Example:
Homo Sapiens ………….. About 40.000 years a go
A. their first appearance
B. first appeared
C. first appearing
D. they first appeared
PROCEDURES FOR STRUCTURE QUESTIONS

1. First, study the sentences

2. Then, study each answer based on how well it completes

the sentences.

3. Do not try to eliminate incorrect answer by looking at the

answers.
S K I L LS
SKILL 1: SUBJECTS AND VERBS
1. A sentence in English must have at least one subject and one verb.

Ex: I teach TOEFL every Monday

S V

2. Common Types of Problems are:

A. Subject is missing
b. Verb is missing
c. S and V are missing
d. Has extra S or V
 Example 1

_____ was ringing continuously for hours.

 
(A) Loudly Example 3

(B) In the morning

The plane __________ landing
(C) The phone
at the airport in five minutes.
(D) The bells

Example 2
(A) it is
Newspapers _______ every morning (B) it really is
and every evening. (C) is descending
(A) delivery (D) will be
(B) are delivered
(C) on time
(D) regularly
 Exercise 1

___I___ 1. My best friend always helpful with problems

___C__ 2. The bus schedule has changed since last week

______ 3. Accidentally dropped the glass on the floor

______ 4. The customer paying the clerk for the clothes

______ 5. The professor handed the syllabus to the students

______ 6. Each day practiced the piano for hours

______ 7. The basketball player tossed the ball into the hoop

______ 8. The new student in the class very talkative and friendly

______ 9. Walking with the children to School

______ 10. The whales headed south for the winter
SKILL 2: OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS
 Preposition: in, on, at, under, behind, in front of, below,
above, across from and etc.

 An object of a preposition is a noun or a pronoun

that comes after a preposition such as in, at, of, to,
by, behind, and on to form a prepositional phrase.

The trip (to the island) (on Saturday) will last

(for three hours).

 An object of preposition can cause confusion in the

structure of the TOEFL test.
Example

To Mike ____ was a big surprise.

(A) really
(B) the party
(C) funny
(D) When

A preposition is followed by a noun or pronoun that is

called an object of the preposition. If a word is an object
of a preposition, it is not the subject
 ___C__ 1. The name of the baby in the crib is Jack

____I_ 2. By the next meeting of the class need to turn in the

papers

_____ 3. The directions to the exercise on page twenty unclear

______ 4. Because of the heavy rain throughout the night,
the walkways are muddy

______ 5. During the week eat lunch in the school

cafeteria

______ 6. In the morning after the concert was tired

______ 7. In the summer the trip to the mountains is our

favorite trip

______ 8. In a box on the top shelf of the cabinet in the hallway of the
house

______ 9. With her purse in her hand ran through the door

______ 10. At 1:00 in the morning the alarm clock on the table
beside the bed rang
 TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 1-2)
1. Mark Twain _____ the years after the Civil War the “Gilded Age.”
(A) called 6. The large carotid artery ____ to the main parts of the brain.
(B) calling (A) carrying blood
(B) blood is carried
(C) he called
(C) carries blood
(D) his calls (D) blood carries
   
2. Early ____ toes instead of hooves on their feet. 7.___ radio as the first practical system of wireless telegraphy.
(A) horses (A) Marconi’s development
(B) had horses (B) The development by Marconi
(C) horses had (C) Developing Marconi
(D) horses having (D) Marconi developed
   
3. ______ grow close to the ground in the short Arctic summer. 8. In 1975, the first successful space probe to ____ beginning
(A) Above tundra plants to send information back to Earth.
(B) Tundra plants (A) Venus
(B) Venus the
(C) Tundra plants are found
(C) Venus was
(D) For tundra plants (D) Venus it was
   
4. In 1867, ____ Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million. 9. The two biggest resort _____ Arkansas are
(A) purchased the United States Hot Springs and Eureka Springs.
(B) to purchase the United States (A) in
(C) the United States’ purchase of (B) towns in
(D) the United States purchased (C) towns are
(D) towns are in
5. Between 1725 and 1750, New England witnessed an increase in the  
specialization of _____. 10. NASA’S Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center ____ control
center for the Mercury Gemini, and Apollo space flights.
(A) occupations
(A) it was at the
(B) occupies
(B) it was the
(C) they occupied (C) was the
(D) it occupied them (D) the