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    Gibbs free energy (G) is a measure of chemical energy that can be used to determine whether a reaction will occur spontaneously. All chemical systems tend toward states of minimum G. G is calculated as ∆G = ∆H - T∆S, where ∆H is enthalpy, T is temperature, and ∆S is entropy. A reaction is in equilibrium when the G of products equals reactants and will proceed in the direction of lower G (∆G < 0). The change in G can also be used to determine if a reaction is spontaneous (∆G < 0) or non-spontaneous (∆G > 0). G can be used to study chemical equilibria

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    Gibbs free energy (G) is a measure of chemical energy that can be used to determine whether a reaction will occur spontaneously. All chemical systems tend toward states of minimum G. G is calculated as ∆G = ∆H - T∆S, where ∆H is enthalpy, T is temperature, and ∆S is entropy. A reaction is in equilibrium when the G of products equals reactants and will proceed in the direction of lower G (∆G < 0). The change in G can also be used to determine if a reaction is spontaneous (∆G < 0) or non-spontaneous (∆G > 0). G can be used to study chemical equilibria

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    14 views11 pages

    Gibbs Free Energy

    Uploaded by

    sameer
    Gibbs free energy (G) is a measure of chemical energy that can be used to determine whether a reaction will occur spontaneously. All chemical systems tend toward states of minimum G. G is calculated as ∆G = ∆H - T∆S, where ∆H is enthalpy, T is temperature, and ∆S is entropy. A reaction is in equilibrium when the G of products equals reactants and will proceed in the direction of lower G (∆G < 0). The change in G can also be used to determine if a reaction is spontaneous (∆G < 0) or non-spontaneous (∆G > 0). G can be used to study chemical equilibria

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    of 11

    GIBBS FREE

    ENERGY
    Gibbs Free Energy

    ► Gibbs free energy is a measure of chemical energy

    • All chemical systems tends naturally toward states of minimum


    Gibbs free energy

    ∆G = ∆H - T∆S
    Where:
    ∆G = Gibbs Free Energy
    ∆H = Enthalpy (heat content)
    T = Temperature in Kelvins
    ∆S = Entropy (can think of as randomness)
    • Products and reactants are in equilibrium when their Gibbs
    free energies are equal

    • A chemical reaction will proceed in the direction of lower


    Gibbs free energy (i.e., ΔG < 0)

    …so the reaction won’t proceed if the reaction produces


    an increase in Gibbs free energy
    Gibbs energy reaction:

    ► Spontaneous - reaction occurs by itself


    ► Non-spontaneous - needs constant
    external energy for reaction
    G is (–ve) spontaneous
    G is (+ve) non-spontaneous

    ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
    ΔG = ΣnG (products) - ΣnG (reactants)

    ΔG > 0, non spontaneous process


    ΔG < 0, spontaneous
    ΔG = 0, reaction is in equilibrium
    Gibbs energy in equilibria:
    ► Considering reversible reaction
    A+B C+D
    the following equation relates for standard state free
    energy of reaction with free energy at any point given
    by equation:
    ΔG = ΔGo + RTlnQ
    ∆G = free energy at any moment
    ∆Go= standard free energy
    R= ideal gas constant
    T= absolute temperature ( in kelvin)
    ln Q = natural logarithm of the reaction quotient
    K=equilibrium constant at standard
    T
    T in kelvin 298.18K
    R=gas constant=1.987 cal/molo
    Gibbs energy in electrochemistry:

    ► The Nearst equation relates the standards cell potential with the
    cell potential of cell at any moment
    by regarding this equation
    E = Eo – RT/nF lnQ
    E = cell potential in volt
    n = moles of electron
    F = faraday’s constant
    Multiply with nF
    nFE = nFEo – RTlnQ , (∆G=∆Go +RTlnQ)
    ∆G = -nFE
    ∆Go = -nFEo
    References:
    • text book for chemistry-NCERT(Class-XI)
    • www.Wikipedia.org
    • Chem.libretexts.org
    • www.khanacademy.org
    thank you..

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