CE2502 Environmental Engineering

Course Credit 0-0-2

By

Prof Kakoli Karar Paul

Associate Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
National Institute of Technology
Rourkela 769008
Q) Determine the size of a trickling filter for the following data:
i) Sewage flow = 4.5MLD
ii) Recirculation ratio = 1.5
iii) BOD of raw sewage = 250 mg/l
iv) BOD removal in primary tank = 30%
v) Final effluent BOD desired = 30 mg/l
Total BOD in raw sewage = 4.5*250 = 1125 kg

BOD removed in primary tank = 30%

BOD to trickling filter = 70% of 1125 = 787.5 kg

BOD concentration in effluent = 30 mg/l * 4.5 Ml = 135 kg

BOD removed by filter = 787.5 kg- 135 kg

Efficiency of BOD removed = BOD removed / Total BOD on filter = 82.85%

R/I = 1.5

F = 1.89

V = volume = 0.2 ha-m

V = 2000 m3
Surface area = Volume/Depth

Assume depth of 1.5 m

So, surface area = 2000/1.5 = 1333.3 m2

Diametre of trickling filter = 41.2 m

Q) Design high rate trickling filter for 4.5 MLD of sewage
with recirculation ratio of 1.4, 250 mg/l of raw sewage, 25% of
BOD removed in primary clarifier, final effluent BOD desired
as 50 mg/l and depth as 1.5m. Also compare with standard rate
trickling filter for the same sewage flow.
Total BOD present in sewage = 1125 kg

BOD on trickling filter = 843.75 kg

BOD in effluent = 225 kg

Efficiency of filter = 73.3%

F = 1.85

Volume = 665.4 m3

Diametre = 23.8 m

Standard Rate Trickling filter

F= 1

Volume = 1231 m3

Diametre = 32.3 m
ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS
The activated sludge process is a type of wastewater treatment
process for treating sewage or industrial wastewaters using aeration
and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa. Activated
sludge refers to biological treatment processes that use a
suspended growth of organisms to remove BOD and suspended
solids. As shown below, the process requires an aeration tank and
a settling tank.
Activated sludge processes may or may not follow primary
treatment. The need for primary treatment is determined by the
process modification selected for use. All activated sludge systems
include a settling tank following the aeration tank.
However, trickling filters are termperature sensitive and cost more to
build than activated sludge systems. Although they are more expensive
to build, the activated sludge systems are much more expensive to
operate because of the need for energy to run pumps and blowers.
Activated sludge refers to biological treatment processes that use a
suspended growth of organisms to remove BOD and suspended
solids. 
n addition, support equipment, including return pumps, waste
pumps, flow measurement devices for return and waste, as well as
equipment to provide aeration (mixers and/or blowers) is also
required.