FORCES AND FRICTION

JOSEPH DE MATA
GENERAL PHYSICS
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the topic, the students can be able to perform the following:

a. identify the forces acting upon an object

if given a physical description of the
situation

b. Demonstrate confidently how to relate : The

law of acceleration to other motion formula.
 LEARNING OUTLINE
CLASSIFICATION
OF FORCES

TYPES OF FORCES

FRICTIONAL FORCES
 WHAT IS FORCE?
 A force is a push or a pull acting on an
object due to its interaction with another
object.
 It causes a stationary object to move and
a moving object to come to a stop.
 Force is a vector quantity that has both
magnitude and direction.
SI Unit of Force: Newtons or N (kg.m.s-2)
English System: Pound (lb)
1N = 0.225 lb
 TYPES OF FORCE
CONTACT FORCES NON-CONTACT FORCES
NON-CONTACT FORCE
Gravitational force, is the force
exerted by an object with mass.
 CONTACT FORCE
TENSIONAL FORCE,, direction is always in the direction of the rope.
 CONTACT FORCE
NORMAL FORCE, When an object is at rest or moving on a surface, the
surface exert a force on the object perpendicular to it.
 CONTACT FORCE
Friction is a force and affects motion: 
 Friction acts on materials that are in contact with each other.
It always acts in a direction to oppose relative motion. 
 When two solid objects come into contact, the friction is
mainly due to irregularities in the two surfaces
Types of frictional force: & are coefficient of static
and kinetic frictions.
Static friction () depend on the nature of
the surfaces, but is
Kinetic friction () generally
less than .
CONTACT FORCE
CONTACT FORCE
 FREEBODY DIAGRAM
1.Set the object as point or box
2.Identify all the forces
 FREEBODY DIAGRAM
Fric. F
N

W=mg

Fn or N N
Smooth surface

Ft or T T Fa or Applied force

W1=m1g W2=m2g
 EXAMPLE
A wooden pallet carrying a load of 600 kg rests on a wooden floor. A forklift
driver decides to push it without lifting it.
(A) What force must be applied to just get the pallet moving?
(B) After a bit of time, the pallet begins to slide. What is the kinetic friction?
 EXAMPLE
A block weighing 200 N is pushed along a surface. If it takes 80 N to get the
block moving and 40 N to keep the block moving at a constant velocity, what are
the coefficients of friction μs and μk?
 EXAMPLE
 A large block of ice is being pulled across a frozen lake. The block of ice has a
mass of 300 kg. The coefficient of friction between two ice surfaces is small:
μk = 0.05. What is the force of friction that is acting on the block of ice?
RE
CA
Σ𝐹
𝑎=
LL

m
Static Equilibrium
• A body which is either at rest or in uniform motion is said to be in
equilibrium.

• It happens when there are forces acting on the body but they simply
cancel out.
 First condition of equilibrium
• An object that has no net force (ΣF) acting on it is said to be
in STATIC equilibrium.
ΣF= 0
• The first condition requires that the vector sum of all forces acting on
a body is zero.

ΣFx= 0 ΣFy= 0
RECALL:
2ND Law says: Condition of equilibrium:

∆𝑣 𝑣 𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖
¿
∆𝑡
=
∆𝑡 ¿0
At rest: Constant velocity:
a= 0 since a= 0 since
=0
EXAMPLE
Consider the two balls are hung together one after the other.
The upper ball weighs 0.35N while the lower ball weighs 2.38N.
(a) draw the FBD of each ball
(b) find the tensional force of each string
EXAMPLE
A pole has three cables attached to it. One exerts a force of
50N east and another exerts a force 75N south. What force is
needed in the third cable to produce equilibrium?