學 生：賴圖妳 / Latonia Nur Adyanis

倪川森 : 10870031
指導教授： Professor Chiang Hsieh, Lin-Han
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INTRODUCTION

Clouds play a vital role in the transport and redistribution

of atmospheric constituents

China because of rapid industrialization and economic

development

Mount Lushan a location far away from ground level

pollution sources. It is located in southern China and is one
of the most developed and highest pollution emission
areas in
 METHODS
SITE DESCRIPTION AND SAMPLE
COLLECTION

 Mount Lushan (E115.98°, N29.58°, Fig. 1)at

an altitude of 1165 m
 The annual average temperature of Mount
Lushan is 11.4 °C with an average of 190
foggy days.

 The area is one of the most rapidly

developing and highest pollution emission
regions in China.
 Many steel and oil refining industries and
coal-fired power plants are located near here.
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METHODS
SITE DESCRIPTION AND SAMPLE COLLECTION

 Cloud samples were collected during

March to May 2009by a Caltech Active
Strand Cloud Water Collector (CASCC)
designed by the California Institute of
Technology, U.S.

 operated at 24.5 m3 min–1,

 collect cloud samples from 2011 (August–

September) to 2012 (March–May)

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RESULT AND DISCUSSION
CONCENTRATIONS OF PAH IN CLOUD DEPOSITION

 total (dissolved + particle) PAHs in

cloud water was 819.90 ng/L, which
ranged from 2.30 ng/L for DbA to
295.38 ng/L for PhA. PhA (33.11%)
contributed the most individual
PAHs to the total.

 solubilities of the LMW PAHs are

higher than the HMW compounds

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RESULT AND DISCUSSION
SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF PAHS

 In general, a very similar trendwas

observed during these two seasons,
with the highest contribution from
the low-molecular-weight PAHs.

 The concentration of total PAHs

measured was higher during spring
(March toMay), with amean
concentration of 912.66 ng/L, and
lower during summer (August to
September), with a mean
concentration of430.35 ng/L.

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RESULT AND DISCUSSION
CONCENTRATIONS VARIATIONS OF PAH IN CLOUD DEPOSITION

 Approximately 77.45% of the total

PAHs in cloud water remained in
 the dissolved phase, suggesting
that the behavior of PAH
compounds in the environment
could be explained by volatility
and solubility instead of
adsorption to organic matter

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 RESULT AND
DISCUSSION
DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT (KP)

 To understand the distribution of PAHs detected in cloud water

between the dissolved and particle phases, the distribution
coefficient (Kp), which is defined as the ratio of PAH concentrations
in the particle phase (Cp, ng/L) to that in the dissolved phase (Cd,
ng/L)

 Qualitatively, PAHs increased in the particle-dissolved phase

partitioning with the increase of the molecular weight of the
compounds.

 positive correlation was found between the values ofthe

distribution coefficient and particle concentration

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 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
SCAVENGING RATIOS OF PAHS BY CLOUDS

 The total scavenging ratios are comparable to those reported by others

 The contribution of the gaseous phase of total PAHs in the air to the dissolved phase in cloud water was up to
60.43%, but the particulate phase in the air only contributed 39.57% to the total scavenging.
 there are more dissolved PAHs in cloud water than the particle phase. 9
CONCLUSIONS

1. Average PAHs concentrations found in cloud water was 819.90 ng/L

2. The highest contribution of individual PAHs to the total PAH load was PhA (33.11%), followed by
Flu (28.24%).
3. The concentration of the total PAHs measured in this research was higher in spring and lower in
summer.
4. total scavenging ratios (gaseous + particulate) for individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
ranged from 4.69 × 103 to 7.93 × 104 , higher in gaseous.
5. The PAH concentration in precipitation was 1.79 times less than that in cloud water.
6. Spring and summer caused a certain degree of ecosystem risk and low and moderated molecular
PAH species presented a much more ecosystem risk than high molecular PAH species

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Thank you 

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