Aerosol Based Fire Extinguisher using

Natural Resin

Dravesh Yadav (18310018) Guided By-

IN 791 Dr. Chinmay Ghoroi

Date: 27 th
Feb 2021
 Contents
Introduction

Natural resins based aerosols

Sample Preparation

Solid strand burn rate

Work post mid-semester

2
 What is Aerosol?
Suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas

Applications

Fire extinguisher

Testing standards of the Aerosol

• NFPA 2010
• ISO 15779
 Mechanism of fire suppression

Aerosol particles have high surface to volume ratios

When these particles enter the fire zone, they attract fire supporting radicals
such as hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals onto their surfaces

Stop the burning chain reaction

Gases generated by redox, like nitrogen, water vapor and carbon dioxide

Choke the fire by diluting surrounding oxygen and reduce the fire zone
temperature
 Selection of Materials
Aerosols = Reductants + Oxidants (KNO3 )

Organic resins

Phenol, epoxy resins and polyurethanes-Exposure - hazardous

Therefore, natural antioxidants are selected as reductants

Advantages
Completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water vapour in the presence of strong oxidizing
agents
 Objectives

For the newly developed composites

To measure the burn rate

To measure the fire extinguishing efficacies

To measure the flame temperature

 Sample Preparation

Step-1

Raw Materials
KNO3, Sucrose,
Ascorbic Acid,

Fluid energy mill Turbula Mixer

Strand Hydraulic Press Mixed Powder

 Size Reduction
• Ball mill and Fluid energy mill was used for size reduction.
• Size of the particle is less –Increases the burn rate

• KNO3 and Sucrose are fed into Fluid Energy Mill to make a ultra fine powder.

• L-Ascorbic acid was fed into Ball Mill.

• The size was reduced to less than 10 micron
• High Compressed air is used as medium
• High humidity-problem of agglomeration and clogging.
 Formulation of Compound

Compound Name Sample number

  1 2 3
Potassium Nitrate 74% 74% 74%

Sucrose 26% 13% -

L-Ascorbic Acid - 13% 26%

Iron Oxide 1% 1% 1%
 Mixing Process
• 10 zirconia balls were added to the mixing jar to avoid agglomeration.
• Turbula mixing was done for 15-15 minsat at 50 rpm.
 Results
PSA
 Solid Strand Burn rate

Strand Burner Strand Holder

 Solid Strand Burn rate
SAMPLE SAMPLE INITIAL BURNING
REFERENCE LENGTH PRESSURE RATE
(mm) (bar) (mm/sec)

Sample1 95 30 83.12
Sample1 90 50 90.37
Sample1 92 100 91.21

*The burning rate at initial pressure 80 bar was discarded

 Difficulties in strand preparation
• Solvent for sample was prepared by mixing PVA in DI water and heating it on hot plate.
 Work Post Mid-Sem

Experimental
Studies

Solid Strand n-heptane Micro-structural Thermal

PSA
Burn Rate pool fire Analysis Analysis

FTIR XRD TGA DSC

Chemical: Reductants like metal powder will be oxidized
into oxides and become
solid phase in the aerosol.
1. Explosive reaction of KNO 3
KNO 3 → kNO 2 + O 2
2. Decomposition of Metal Carbonate
MxCO 3 → MxO + CO 2 + Heat
MxO + H 2 O→ MxOH - Heat
3. Depletion of hydroxyl:
xM + OH →MxOH – Heat
MxOH + OH→MxO + H2O - Heat
4. Depletion of oxygen:
xM + O→MxO - Heat