Software Quality

What is Quality: Different people understand different meanings of quality like: Conformance to requirements Fitness for the purpose Level of satisfaction In broad sense the user views of quality must deal with installation, Operational efficiency and convenience In S/w Quality is commonly recognizes as Lack of Bugs in the Program.

Mc Call Software Quality Model

Introduced in 77 and many quality factor were incorporated

Product Transition
Portability Reusability Interoperability

Product Revision
Maintainability Flexibility Testability

Product Operation
Correctness, Efficiency, Integrity, Reliability, Usability

Mc Call Software Quality Model

Product Operation: Here factors are related to the Operational performance, convenience, ease of usage and correctness. Product Revision: These factors pertain to the Testing and Maintainability of Software. It gives idea about maintenance, flexibility and Testing effort Product Transition: To transfer a product from one platform to another platform or from one technology to another technology.

Boehm s Software Quality Model

Introduced in 78. Boehm has defined three levels of quality attributes: Primary uses Intermediate constructs Primitive constructs This model is similar to Mc Call but also includes hardware performance that are missing in Mc Call. Model reflects: What user want with S/w Product Uses of Resources Is Software easy to learn and use Is well designed, well coded, easily tested & Maintained

Boehm s Software Quality Model

Portability As it Utility Reliability Efficiency General Utility Human Engg. Testability Understandability Understandability Modifiability Intermediate Constructs
Device Independence

Completeness Accuracy Consistency Device Efficiency Accessibility Communicativeness Legibility Primitive Constructs

Primary Uses

ISOISO-9126
Single Model to standardize the Quality factors since 1980. It makes easier to compare products. It encompasses Six major attributes contributing the Quality Functionality: Characteristics related with the achievement of purpose Reliability: Capability of Software to maintain the performance of S/w Usability: Effort required to use the software Efficiency: Relationship b/w level of performance & amount of resources Maintainability: Effort needed to make modification, improvement Portability: Transfer of One software to another one

Quality Assurance
Every Company have it. It is independent group Separate group and direct reporting to Boss Every concern must maintain Quality Look after the user interest QA group associated in every work from SRS to last Every organization has Quality Policy ISOISO-9000 requires Quality Policy and it must known to every worker

Quality Assurance
QA consist of auditing and reporting function of Management. The goal of QA is to provide necessary data/ feedback related to Quality of Product Quality Control includes series of Inspection, Reviews and Testing to check product does meet the requirement. S/w Quality is defined in the conformance to Explicitly stated functions and requirement of performances. SQA group ensures development of S/w as per norms and procedure SQA group helps Software Team to achieve high Quality software. SEI has recommended a set of activities to perform ensuring QA.

Quality Assurance
Activities of SQA Group:
1. Prepare a QA plan for Project. This plan will include evaluation to be performed.
Review, Inspection and audit Standards applicable for Project Procedure for error reporting and Training. Documents to prepare by SQA group Amount of Feedback recorded for SQA group

2. SQA group participates in development of S/w process description and reviews it for employer with the Organization Policy and Preparation of SOW (Statement of Work)

Quality Assurance
Activities of SQA Group:
3.

4. 5.

6.

QA reviews Software Engg. Activities to verify Engg. the compliances. This group identifies the compliances. documents and track deviation from the process and verify that correction have been made. made. Audit, Software and verify compliances. compliances. Ensures that deviation in software work and work products are documented and handled according to laid down procedure. procedure. Recording of any non-compliance and report to nonSenior Management. Management.

ISOISO-9001/9002
It is heavily documented driven standard ISOISO-9001 has 20 Clauses, that laid down the guidelines for the development of QA system. These guidelines defines essential feature of SQA Steps that have taken to set up the ISO-9001 ISOstandard are:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Commitment of Quality by highest level of Mgmt. Identifying the procedure to develop the S/w and Test. Acceptance of Software by Customer Delivery and Installation Maintenance Support activities viz documentation Maintenance of s/w, Training NC Control and CAPA.

ISO-9001/9002ISO-9001/9002- Check List

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Quality Policy Management Review Quality System Procedure Contract Review Design Control Document Control Purchasing Software identification and Traceability Purchase supplied Product Process Control Inspection and Testing Inspection Measuring and Testing Equipments Test Status Control of Non Confirming Products CAPA Handling Storage and Delivery Quality Records Internal Quality Audit Training Software Maintenance Service & Statistical Techniques.

SEISEI-CMM Level for Software

It was proposed by Software Engg. Engg. Institute of Carnegie Mellon University, USA Specifically for Software Organizations to improve quality CMM is a reference model which classifies the software development into 05 maturity levels. levels. Total 18 KPA available in Model as: Level 1 : No KPA, 2: as: 06 KPA, 3: 07 KPA, 4: 02 KPA, 5: 03 KPA There levels exist

Key

Process

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 I it n ia Deind e t ize i d

Indicators to show various

SEISEI-CMM Model for Software Orgn.

Level
Initial

Description

No proper method, No Management, No Engg. Engg. Procedure, Staff on Ad-hoc basis AdRepeatable Project Management Feature, Requirements are established efined Definition of Process and Engineering Procedure Managed In addition to Management and Engg Procedure there exist Quality Assurance for Process & Product Optimi ed In addition to all level there is R & D activities and Continuous Process Improvement