TOPIC-EVOLUTION OF GROUP

HOSING
SUBMITTED BY:- SUBMITTED TO:-
DHRUV YADAV AR.PALAK PATEL
B(ARCH) 3RD YR AR.ROOPSI GUPTA
 INTRODUCTION
o HOUSING- Housing , or more generally living spaces , refers to the construction and assigned usage
of houses or buildinds collectively, for the purpose of sheltering peoples – the planning or provision delivered
by an authority, with related meaning.
 GROUP HOUSING-
A domestic architecture accommodates the group rather than the unit and its therefore public as well as private. It is
familiar through the widwspread development of the mass housing in the world in which individuals or families find
living spaces either in multiple dwellings or single unit produced in quality. Group housing is produced bty many
types of cultures by communal states to equalize living standard by tyrants to assure a docle labour force, and by
feudal or caste system to brings together members of class.
 TYPES OF GROUP HOUSING
 CLUSTER HOUSING - Cluster housing means a group or groups of dwelling units which may be in various
forms, and so located on a lot that each dwelling unit may not have legal frontage on a public street or road
and more than one dwelling unit may exist on one lot.

 RAW HOUSING - row house is one of a row of similar houses that are 

joined together by both of their side walls
EVOLUTION OF HOUSING IN INDIA
The housing typologies in India have gone through
immense transformations over the years, owing to
its vast history and the diverse geographical, social,
and cultural settings. They give an insight into the
reforms and the developments that the society has
undergone, the structure and fabric it has achieved,
and the architecture that has evolved through the
process.
The earliest settlements in India dates back to
around 3000 B.C.E. during the Indus Valley
civilization, recognized for its comprehensive urban
planning. Built out of stone and mud bricks, and a
framework of timber, all the houses were uniform
and identical in their characteristics and
circumscribed the citadel in the center of the city.
The houses were one to three-storeyed with
courtyards in the center, connected to a common
drainage system.
A After independence, there was a rise in migration and
disorganization in the settlement patterns of the country, especially
in the urban areas due to the partition and the country was in need
to generate new housing facilities for the citizens. The government
of India thus came up with several Housing schemes to deal with
the issue such as LIG Housing Scheme, MIG Housing Scheme, Slum
Clearance and Improvement Scheme, etc. and also emphasized
developing planned cities.
Simultaneously, with the advancement of technology and
industries, a rapid rise in the number of Industrial townships
throughout the country were visible. These townships provided
housing for the workers of the industries, with correspondence to
the hierarchy of their work, along with other essential facilities such
as schools, markets, recreational spaces, and gathering areas.
By the 1990s with the onset of liberalization and the entry of the
private sector into real estate, there was a mass development into
the urban areas of the country. Since then, the size of the houses
shrunk, the stories of the apartment buildings grew, the cost of
living increased, and also led to the growth of several illegal
settlements, ‘slums’ in the urban areas. On the contrary, the houses
in rural areas have also started adopting the materials used in the
urban context, the concrete, and glass.
However, a major shift in the housing and settlements in the
country was marked in the British rule due to the rise in trade
and a new cultural setting. Initially, the colonials introduced
their conventional bungalow, a one-storeyed structure built
from bricks and given a white plaster finish, having a sloping
roof. These prototypes of bungalows were also used for
housing provided to the government workers and people
higher in the hierarchy in the workplace.
Later, with the increase in trade, there was also a development
in the infrastructure; as the colonials started establishing major
port cities in the country, Mumbai, Madras, and Calcutta, and
thus led to the onset of urbanization. With an expectation of
better job opportunities and lifestyle, several people started
migrating to these cities hence, resulting in the need for more
residential spaces. Initially, the open spaces and verandas
A

around the bungalows started lessening and then the size of

the bungalows until it outreached the limit.
Thereafter came the apartment system, with a three-storeyed
building providing residential blocks for the inhabitants.
Throughout this process of evolution, the colonials
experimented with various architectural styles such as
Neoclassical, Art Deco, Indo – Gothic, Indo – Saracenic,
Baroque, and Modern. The newly emerging residential
buildings weren’t independently built, instead, were built in
colonies owing to a particular community or workplace.
A

In the present time, India contains a rapidly growing population that has been unevenly
dispersed throughout the country due to the social, technological, and economical
dissimilarities in the country. This irregular disintegration of the population has also led to
the adoption of varying housing patterns in the country, however with a very mere
reflection of the architectural style unlike earlier.
Thank you