SPECTROSCOP Y

What is Spectroscopy?

Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between light and matter

How this interaction study?

Light

absorption (most commonFTIR) Emission Fluorescence Light scattering(eg: Raman) All methods look at light intensity verses wavelength using a spectrometer

Spectrometer Components
Light Source Wavelength Selection Device Sample Compartment Detector (photoconductive MCT or pyroelectric - DTGS) Signal Processing Electronics

A Simple Absorption Spectrometer

Light Source

Monochromator
Display

Detector

Sample

Electronics

What is the basic response of a spectrometer?

Light intensity versus wavelength

What is NMR spectroscopy?

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyor NMR Involves the study of what occurs when the nuclei of certain atoms are placed in a static magnetic field and exposed t o a second changing magnetic field.

Nuclear Spin
A n u cl u s w i a n o d d a to m i n u m b e r e th c o r a n o d d m a ss n u m b e r h a s a n u cl a r sp i . e n T h e sp i n i g ch a rg e d n u cl u s n n e g e n e ra te s a m a g n e ti fi l . c ed

External Magnetic Field

When placed in an external field, spinning protons act like bar magnets.

Two Energy States

The magnetic fields of the spinning nuclei will align either with the external field, or against the field. A photon with the right amount of energy can be absorbed and cause the

The NMR Spectrometer

The NMR Graph

Applications of NMR

Solution structure Molecular dynamics Protein folding Ionization state Weak intermolecular interactions Protein hydration Hydrogen bonding Drug screening and design Native membrane protein Chemical analysis Material science

What is FTIR spectroscopy?

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Measures amount of light absorbed by sample Available since late 1960s Application to field since 1970s

Advantages of FTIR
1.Better sensitivity and brightness - Allows simultaneous measurement over the entire wavenumber range - Requires no slit device, making good use of the available beam 2.High wavenumber accuracy - Technique allows high speed sampling with the aid of laser light interference fringes - Requires no wavenumber correction - Provides wavenumber to an accuracy of 0.01-1cm

3 . R e so lu tio n -Pro vi e s sp e ctra o f h i h re so l ti n d g u o 4 . S tra y lig h t - Fourier transform allows only interference si n a l to co n tri u te to sp e ctru m . g s b -B a ckg ro u n d l g h t e ffe cts g re a tl l w e rs. i y o -A l o w s se l cti h a n d l n g o f si n a l l m i n g l e ve i g s i ti i tre fe re n ce n 5 . W a v e n u m b e r ra n g e fle x ib ility - Simple to alter the instrument w a ve n u m b e r ra n g e

A Simple FTIR Spectrometer

Light Source

Michelson Interferometer

Detector

Sample

Electronics Computer

Identification and Quantitative Analysis

Identification is achieved by a combination of sample chemistry knowledge and in identifying spectral features Quantification is carried out by mathematical comparison with reference spectra Quantification method depends on application

Application of FTIR in the field

Point Source (i.e., stack) Characterization Process Optimization Ambient Air Area Source Characterization and Emission Rates Mobile Sources