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Data Collection: By: Dr. Ritchie G. Macalanda Assistant Principal II
Data Collection: By: Dr. Ritchie G. Macalanda Assistant Principal II
Sampling Quantitative
SAMPLING
Techniques or Qualitative?
Factors to
Consider
WHAT IS SAMPLING?
Nonprobability
Sampling
No random
selection of cases Probability
from the Sampling
population
equal and
independent
chances of being
selected
QUANTITATIVE OR
QUALITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
To count things in an Complete, detailed
AIM attempt to explain description of what is
what is observed observed
Generalizability, Contextualization,
PURPOSE prediction, causal interpretation,
explanation understanding
perspectives
Researcher uses tools, Researcher is the data
TOOLS such as surveys, to gathering instrument
collect numerical data
DATA COLECTION Structured Unstructured
Usually a large Usually a small
SAMPLE number of cases number of cases
(Randomly selected (Respondents selected
respondents) on their experience)
NOTE:
Quantitative Studies strive for
Random Sampling
• Research question(s)/
purpose
• Time frame of your study
• Resources Available
SAMPLE SIZES:
CONSIDERATION
For QUALITATIVE
STUDIES
For QUALITATIVE
STUDIES
For QUANTITATIVE
STUDIES
1. Population Size
2. Margin of Error (Confidence
Interval)
3. Confidence Level
4. Standard Deviation
SAMPLE SIZES:
CONSIDERATION
Population Size
Margin of Error
(Confidence Interval)
No sample will be perfect, so you need to
decide how much error to allow.
The confidence interval determines how much
higher or lower than the population mean you
are willing to let your sample mean fall.
SAMPLE SIZES:
CONSIDERATION
Confidence Level
Standard
Deviation
How much variance do you expect in your
responses?
Since we haven’t actually administered our
survey yet, the safe decision is to use .5 – this
is the most forgiving number and ensures that
your sample will be large enough.
Determining Sample Size
• Sample size can be calculated using
Slovin’s equation in Pagoso (1993);
Atkinson (1996)
n- sample size
N-population
e- allowable error
BASIC
SAMPLING
TEC H NIQ U E S
PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
sociology.about.com
CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
http://lc.gcumedia.com
Simple Random Sampling
Photo credit:
www.socialresearchmethods.net
Cluster Sampling
http://lc.gcumedia.com
Systematic Sampling
http://lc.gcumedia.com
Da ta
l e ct io n
Co l
Data Collection
Qualitative Study
Qualitative Data
Collection Methods
• Survey • Tests
Questionnaire • Document Studies
• Observation Method • Key Informant
Observation
Checklist
TESTS
• Norm-referenced
tests
• Criterion-referenced
tests
• Assessment Tools
that will gauge the
performance of the
RUBRICS students
Example # 1