Robert_Copp@dot.ca.

gov
 “PREVIOUS SUCCESSES”

OLYMPIAD XXIII - 1984
Projections of Huge Traffic Jams /


Images of Stranded Tourists Missing Events



Residents “Scared” into Leaving Town



Los Angeles Praised -“Great Planning!”

“People are
Resilient
AND
Resourceful!”

SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE - 1989

No Advance Warning

Motorists / Congestion Disappeared

Diversions Did Not Account for Total

“Where Did They All Go??”
San Francisco Praised - “Great
Work!”
 STUDY PURPOSE


Evaluate District compliance with Guidelines

Evaluate Typical Measures of Effectiveness

Determine Most Effective Strategies

Evaluate Cost versus Benefit

Establish Lessons Learned

Formulate Recommendations to Improve
TMP Process / Modify Guidelines
 To Improve Mobility
Caltrans’ Mission Across California

8 of 15 of the Most
Congested Cities
are in California

“We must get the most

out of the roads we have
before building any new
ones…..well, duh!”
Construction WHAT’S THE POLICY? Special
Events

DEPUTY DIRECTIVE 60 (Eff. 2000)

Maintenance
Encroachment
Caltrans’ commitment Permits
is to: Minimize motorist
delays for ALL activities
on the State highway
system without
compromising public or
worker safety, or the ..but with Varying
quality of the work Levels of Treatment..
being performed.
 TMP CATEGORIES & STRATEGIES

“Major” TMP (~5%

“Blanket” TMP “Minor” TMP
of Projects)
(Majority)

 No expected delays  Minimal impacts  Significant impacts

 Off peak caused by work
 Low volume roads caused by work
Lane closure
 Moving lane charts required  Multiple TMP
closures strategies
Some mitigation
measures required  Multiple contracts
Public Awareness
Portable Campaigns, Fixed CMS,
Night Work, Portable
CMS, FSP, TMT, Extended Closures, Moveable
& Fixed CMS, COZEEP,
Off-peak hours Barriers, COZEEP, Detours,
TMT, HAR, FSP, Gawk
Reduced Lane Widths,
Screens..
Website, Helicopter..
Six TMP Strategies TMP Costs for one
Project were estimated
as high as $7,000,000

• P ublic Information
• M otorist Information
•I
ncident Management
•C
onstruction Strategies
•D
emand Management
•A
lternate Routes
How Would You Measure the
Effectiveness of TMP Strategies?
Traffic Volume Counts,
Floating Car Runs,
Queue Lengths,
Transit Ridership,

Overall Corridor Video Surveillance ..

Personal or Mail-in
Surveys, No. of Calls or
Website Hits, Public

Public Awareness Meeting Attendance ..

Personal or Mail-in

Motorist Information

Surveys, Traffic
Observations ..

Accident Response /

Incident Management Removal Time,
Pre- / Post- Accident
Rates ..
Measurement of Effectiveness
(Cont.)

Traffic Volume Counts,

Floating Car Runs,
Queue Lengths, Lane
Closures Set / Picked

Construction Strategies Up on Time ..

Trip Mode Distribution,


Demand Management Park ‘n’ Ride Lot Usage,
Carpooling Surveys,
Employer Surveys ..

Traffic Volume Counts


Alternate Routes Floating Car Runs,
Origin/Destination
Surveys ..
District 07 Example of Corridor
I-10 Long-Life Pavement Project Effectiveness Results

Pre-Const. Estimate

Vehicle Delay = 1,000,000 veh-hrs
Actual Delay
= 16,000 veh-hrs


Traffic Volumes Traffic Demand on
Interstate 10 was
reduced by 57% (from
112,000 to 56,000 veh)


Length of Queues Initial Estimate
= 44 miles
Actual Queue Length
= 1.9 miles


Safety
No collisions or
Employee injuries
occurred in the
Work Zone Project Characteristics
- Fast-setting Hydraulic Concrete
- Closed 2 of 4 Lanes
- Extended 55-Hour Closures
District 07 Actual Delay in Work Zone
I-10 Long-Life Pavement Project With TMP Strategies

(Initial Projected Delay = 1 Hour / Vehicle)

3500
(Delay in minutes) Sat. Sun.
Projected 3000
Rte 30/Foothill Blvd. 9 2
Delay Arrow Highway 7 2
Holt Ave. 6 5 2500

TOTAL DELAY (ve h-hr)

Mission Blvd. 3 2
Detour 2000
Rte 60 Freeway 20 34
Actual 1500

Delay
1000

500

0
Mid-1 AM

Mid-1 AM

Mid-1 AM
2-3 AM

6-7 AM

8-9 AM

2-3 AM

4-5 AM

6-7 AM

8-9 AM

2-3 AM

4-5 AM
4-5 AM

10-11 AM

10-11 AM
2-3 PM

4-5 PM

6-7 PM

8-9 P M

2-3 PM

6-7 P M

8-9 P M
10-11P M

4-5 PM

10-11 P M
Noon-1 P M

10-11 P M

Noon-1 P M
TIME
511

But..
WHICH strategies
led to these
Great Results??
 MOST EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES
- PUBLIC AWARENESS
“If you drive I-80, you
might want to consider
an alternate route
this morning..” “Which way
should we
go today..?”

Use HOV, Bus or Rail

Telecommute ..
Leave Earlier
or Later ..
 Instead of saying
“Bridge Replacement
Project” --... Slogans AND Maps
are Good and
Easy to Remember..

“Improve Your Dr
ive
on the Five!”
District 04 Project Characteristics
- Full-freeway Closure
Central Freeway Replacement Project - On- and Off-Ramps Closed
- Extensive Public Info Campaign

Advance
WhatAwareness
Did theof Central
PublicFreeway Closure
Notice?
News p aper Articles 78%
TV News 63%
Freeway Sig ns 50%
Radio Traffic Rep orts 42%
Rad io News Rep orts 40% Metro Traffic
Wo rd o f Mo uth 37%
Fo ld -Out Bro chures 32%
News p aper Ad s 15%
News letters 11%
Billb oard s 10%
One--Page Flyers 7%
Banners 6%
Radio "Man in the Street" 5%
511
Other 4%
Public Meeting s 2%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Percentage
Percent Remembering
Effective Construction Strategies

LANE REQUIREMENT CHARTS

- Based on “0” delay (Const.)
Chart No. _
- 5 -15 minutes Delay (Maint.) Lane Requirements and Hours of Work

- According to District Traffic Location:

a.m. p.m.
Managers - eliminates about 90% FROM HOUR TO HOUR 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
of potential delay Mondays through Thursdays
Fridays
Saturdays
PROBLEMS Sundays

- Const. windows reduced

Legend:
1 Provide at least one through freeway lane open in direction of travel
- More Night work (Urban/Rural)
2 Provide at least two adjacent through freeway lanes open in direction of travel
- Comparative Quality?
3 Provide at least three adjacent through freeway lanes open in direction of travel

- Comparative Safety? 4 Provide at least four adjacent through freeway lanes open in direction of travel

5 Provide at least five adjacent through freeway lanes open in direction of travel

S No lane closure permitted; work permitted anywhere that does not require lane closure

No lane closure permitted; no work permitted

Remarks:
Effective Construction
Strategies (Cont.)

• CONSTRUCTION STAGING

• DELAY PENALTY -- “Hammer” for the RE

to charge the Contractor ($$$) for late pick-
up of the closure .

• EXTENDED CLOSURES (e.g. 55-Hour

Weekends or 72-Hour Weekdays)

• NARROW LANE WIDTHS or USE OF

SHOULDERS (PEAK PERIOD)

• MOVEABLE BARRIERS

• CONTRAFLOW (“Crossovers”)

• CONTINGENCY PLANS (Redundancy)

District 08 EXTENDED CLOSURE
-15 Devore PCCP Reconstruction - Schedule, Cost &
Project Characteristics Delay Comparison
- Full-Freeway Closed - one direction
- Extended 72-Hour Closures

Schedule
Construction Comparison Cost Comparison ($Millions) Max.
Scenario Delay
Total Closure User Traffic (Min)
Construction Total
Closures Hours Delay Handling

72-Hour
Weekday
8 512 5.6 10.5 2.1 18.2 75

55-Hour
Weekend
10 550 14.2 12.5 2.6 29.3 196

1 Roadbed
Continuous
2 400 6.9 8.9 1.0 16.8 196

10-Hour
Night-time 220 2,200 4.9 19.1 1.3 25.3 36
District 05
Cuesta Grade Project Effective Strategies
Project Characteristics -- Demand Management
- Addition of NB / SB Truck-Climbing Lanes
- Addition of Eight-foot Shoulders
- Construction of massive Retaining Walls

• NO. OF PEAK HOUR TRIPS

4% Average
Reduction
• VAN POOL RIDERS

313% Increase
• BUS TRIPS

• PARK ‘N’ RIDE USAGE

Strategy Cost
38% increase
= $3,300,000

29% Increase Strategy Cost

= $780,000
District 04 Alternate Route Strategies
Central Freeway Replacement Project (Info obtained by Survey)

City Streets
Only - 11% No Longer
Made Trip - 3%
Public Transit - 2%
Other - 2%

Freeway /
Transit - 3%
Freeway /
Streets - 2%
Different Freeway
or Ramp Route - 76% Freeway /
Fewer Trips - 1%
District 11
I-5 / I-805 Widening Project BENEFITS VS. COSTS??
Project Characteristics
“Bang for the Buck...”
- Const. Separate Freeway Bypass
- Const. of new Interchange / Auxiliary Lanes

Strategy Cost
• P ublic Information $607,500
• M otorist Information $835,000
•I
ncident Management $2,767,000
COZEEP Cost = $1,700,000
•C
onstruction Strategies ---
•D
emand Management $400,000
• A Goal - Increase Van, Carpools, Bus by 5% / Change worktime by 2%
lternate Routes $10,000
COMPARE COST VS. DELAY SAVINGS
 LESSONS LEARNED
• PUBLIC AWARENESS
• Newspapers PUBLIC
• TV News Spots AWARENESS: MOST
Effective Strategies
facilitate Decision-
• ADVANCE SIGNAGE Making by Driving
Public to avoid Work
• Before Decision Points Zone
• On Preceding Weeks / Weekends

• ADHERE TO LANE REQ’MT CHARTS

• Real-Time Statusing is Needed
• Penalties for Late Lane Opening CONSTRUCTION
Strategies are
also very
• KEEP LANES OPEN effective
• Narrow Lane Widths
• Shoulder Usage during Peak
LESSONS LEARNED (cont.)
Delay cost TMP
to motorists Cost

• CONSIDER OTHER STRATEGIES:

• Extended Closures vs. Night Closures
(“Get in & Stay in -- Get out & Stay out!”)
• Close Coordination w/ Locals (Detours, Signals…)
• Shorten Contract Time through Incentives

• COST VS. BENEFIT

• $$$ on Work Zone Enforcement vs. Benefit ??
• $$$ on Brochures, Ads, Flyers, vs. Benefit ??
(Media Coverage -- no cost for Major Projects)
• Costs of TMP Strategies vs. Delay costs

• OTHER ISSUES
• Truck Restrictions / Closures on Parallel Routes
• Cumulative Impacts due to Multiple Projects
(Combine closures when advantageous)
 RECOMMENDATIONS

• STREAMLINE TMP PROCESS

• Blanket / Minor Projects (Standardized Forms)
• Major Projects (Brief, Standardized Reports)
• Critical Monitoring Activities - Delay Counts, Runs

• PROPOSED STUDIES
• Detailed TMP Effectiveness - Costs vs. Benefits
• Full-Freeway vs. Night Closures
• Enforcement Practices (Placement, etc.)

• MODIFY TMP GUIDELINES

• Standardize Monitoring Practices
• Standardize Reporting Practices
• Include Non-Motorized Considerations
Robert_Copp@dot.ca.gov
 HANDOUTS

• TMP Process
• Relationship between Project
Characteristics and TMP Strategies
• Sample Unit Costs for TMP Strategies
• TMP Strategies -- Unit cost Info
• Sample Worksheet -- Blanket TMP
• Sample Delay Calculations
Relationship between Project Characteristics
and Appropriate TMP Strategies

Project Pub lic Motorist Incident Const. Demand Alternate

Characteristic Information Information Management Strategies Management Routes
Duration Long Long Long
Length Short Short Short Long
Phasing x x x x x
Urbanization x
(Non-Urbanized) x
Average Daily Traffic x x x
Reduced Capacity x x x x x x
Viable Alternate Routes x x x
(No Alternate Routes) x x x
Traffic Delay x x x x x x
Public / Media x x x
Political x x x x
Affected Activity Centers x x x x x
Truck Percentage x
Business Impacts x x x
Increase in Accidents x x x
Steep Inclines x x x
Raised Medians x x x
Sample Unit Costs for TMP Strategies
T MP ELEMENT S- "ROUGH" COST S
Public Information
 Hiring Consultant to do PR $250,000+
 Mailer (printing) $0.5-1.0/1,000 Mailers
 Mailer (cost to distribute) $0.34/mailer
 Flyers (printing) $0.1-1.0/1,000
 Flyers (cost to distribute by outside company) $65/1,000
 Billboards (+ $1,000 to transfer to vinal) $2,500/month
 Press Release, Flyer, Bulletins (Develop, State Force) $224
 Newspaper Ad (Black and White, 1/4 pg.) $6,000/day
 Newspaper Ad (Black and White, 1/2 pg.) 12,000/day
 Newspaper Ad (Black and White, full pg.) $18,000/day
 Newspaper Ad (Color, 1/4 pg.) $8,000/day
 Newspaper Ad (Color, 1/2 pg.) $14,000/day
 Newspaper Ad (Color, full pg.) $22,000/day
 Press Conference/Public Meeting (Depends on Loc'n/Rm Size) $0-1,000/day
 Open House $3,000
 Radio Ad (varies greatly) $800/minute
 Telephone Hotline (+$250 Hook-up) $45/month
 TV Commercial (Local Cable) $4,000+
 TV Commercial (Broadcast Channel) $20,000+
 Kiosk Rental (Small) $1,200/month
 Kiosk Rental (Large) $1,500/month

Motorist Information
 Permanent CMS $300,000
 Portable CMS $10,000
 Portable CMS (Rental) $350/day, $1,500/week,
$3,500/month
 Portable Highway Advisory Radio $60,000/unit
 Highway Advisory Radio (Super) $70,000/unit
 Ground Mounted Signs $300 each
Sample Unit Costs for TMP Strategies (Cont.)

Incident Management

 COZEEP/MAZEEP (Two Officers at night) $1,000/night

 Freeway Service Patrol (Including admin cost, $119.07/hr (reg. Time)
contingency and CHP dispatch) $116.45/hr (Over Time)
 Loop Detector $300 each
 CCTV 20000 to $200,000
 Traffic Management Team (State Force) $0
 Transportation Management Center (State Force) $0
 Helicopter Surveillance $600/hour
 Mobile Command Center (State Furnished) $0
 Web Camera Range between
$20,000 to 200,000
Construction Strategies

 K-Rail $10-15/lf
 Movable Concrete Barrier (Rental) $30/lf
 Movable Concrete Barrier- Transport Machine (Rental) $100,000/6 months
 Gawk Screen (optional) $3/lf
 Temporary Signal $30,000 each

Demand Management
 Park & Ride $50/hr
 Ramp Metering $50,000/location

Alternate Route

 Traffic Control Officers $50/hour

TMP STRATEGIES -- UNIT COST INFO Source: TMP Effectiveness Study (Wilbur Smith, 1993)

Strategy Unit Cost Comment

PUBLIC INFORMATION
Brochures and Mailers Cost could range between $.40 to $ .50/ brochure Variable depending on the text, graphics and presentation quality
for a large quantity. of the materials produced, numbers printed and distribution
Media Releases methods.
Cost varies with labor up to a few hours of labor/
Labor cost associated with TMP personnel interacting with media,
month. as well as time developing press releases. Cost varies with labor
up to a few hours of labor/ month.
Public Info. Center Basic cost would range from zero to $1.50 per Basic cost would range from zero to $1.50 per square foot per
square foot per month depending on the location. month depending on the location. Additional costs could include
staffing, equipment, furnishings and operating costs.
Paid Advertising The cost depends on newspaper rates in the
area, but can range between $100 to $600 for 3
column inches, one time only.
Visual Information Variable

Telephone Hotline Installation: In the range of $100 - $110 for one
line (local access only).
Additional Lines: Approximately $75.00 each.
Monthly Fee: $20.00 plus usage (rates are
discounted if over
Installation: This does not include having the actual line installed
into the location).
Additional Lines: Approximately $75.00 each.

MOTORIST INFORMATION
CMS $35,000 to $50,000 to purchase depending upon
whether installation is permanent or portable;
$1,900 to $2,400/ month to lease in 1993 dollars.
Annual operating costs can range from $13,000 to
$22,000 (1989 dollars) per unit.
Signing and Striping Variable

Highway Advisory $30,000 to $35,000/ spot; $53,000 for portable unit

Radio
INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
Traffic Monitoring $30,000 per mile
Station
TMP STRATEGIES -- UNIT COST INFO (cont.) Source: TMP Effectiveness Study (Wilbur Smith, 1993)

Strategy Unit Cost Comment

Tow Service Cost/ truck hour of service ranges from $50.00 to
$60.00. Annualized cost of $85,000/ vehicle, or
about $250/ day.
Aerial Surveillance Ranges from $5,000 to 6,000 per month (based on
D 12 project) to $12,000/ month (I-95 project in
Florida)
Call Boxes $5,000 to $6,500 for field units (part of construction Cost could also include telephone message charges and
cost, not TM cost); $25,000 to $32,000 dispatching dispatching.
unit; $500 to $600 annual operating cost/ unit.

COZEEP $50 to $60/ hour (Construction Zone Enforcement Enhancement Program)

CONSTRUCTION STRATEGIES
Variable Lanes Temporary concrete barriers: $15 per linear foot
Traffic cones: $10 each
Channelizers: $35 each

Project Phasing Variable depending in the duration of

construction, materials used for the stages
construction, and additional design fees for
preparation of PS & E.
Incentives / $6,000 per day with maximum 5 percent of construction cost for
Disincentives incentive $12,000 per day for disincentive (based on the I-45
project in Houston, Texas).
Cost + Time Bidding Not Available

Owner- Imposed Not Available

Physical Restrictions

Use of Owner- Not Available

Supplied or Stockpiled
Materials
Value Engineering Not Available
Incentive

Surveillance Not Available

Lane/Ramp Closures $2,800 per direction per count location Counts may already be available in District's inventory section
TMP STRATEGIES -- UNIT COST INFO (cont.) Source: TMP Effectiveness Study (Wilbur Smith, 1993)

Strategy Unit Cost Comment

Glare/ Gawk Screens $10 per linear foot to lease, $15 per linear foot to
purchase

Truck Traffic None

Restrictions
Total Facility Closure Cost for COZEEP depends on extent of closure

Lane-By-Lane Rental Varies, depending on construction engineering costs, traffic

control costs and road user costs. This element would typically be
funded as part of the construction contract, rather than the TMP.

DEMAND MANAGEMENT
Rideshare Incentives Vanpooling incentives range from $.19 to $ .62
per vehicle using the corridor (based on ADT).

Rideshare Marketing Unknown. TMP costs do not differentiate between overall marketing costs
and rideshare marketing costs.

Park-and Ride Lots Temporary at- grade parking would cost $1,000 Variable, depending whether new lots must be acquired or built.
per space with $50/ space with annual
maintenance cost.
Transit Service $5.00/ vehicle mile.
Improvements
Transit Incentives Depends on level of incentive, up to $60/ month is
not tax- free

High Occupancy $6,000 per mile for temporary HOV lane.

Vehicle Lanes
Parking Management/ Minimal
Pricing
ALTERNATE ROUTES
Ramp Closure and $80,000 to $100,000 per ramp for ramp metering.
Ramp Metering
Street Improvements Approximately $10,000 per intersection. Variable depending on the magnitude of geometric changes.

Traffic Control $10,000 to 25,000 per temporary signal or signal

Improvements modification.
TRANSPORTATION Contact Person: _________________________
MANAGEMENT PLANS Phone: __________________(office)
____________________(cel)
“BLANKET CLOSURE” FORM F

District County
Route Postmile(s)
No. of Lanes Affected Length of Segment
Location Description
Work Description
Initial Date / Time Ending Date / Time
Expected Duration Expected Delay (minutes)

BLANKET TMP ACTIVITIES -- Please check the appropriate box(es):

Bridge inspection / repair Lighting repairs / relamping Restriping

Culvert / drainage – cleanout
/ inspection / repairs
Delineator / Postmile marker
repairs / replacement
Ditch and channel work
Driveway construction
Debris / litter removal
Facility patrols and
surveillance
Graffiti abatement/clean-up
on walls / signs / equipment
cabinets
Landscaping (irrigation /
vegetation control – spraying,
mowing)
Non-landscaped area
tree/brush/vegetation work
Electrical maintenance
Median barrier / attenuator
repairs (off traveled way)
Pavement coring / testing
Pavement - minor repairs /
replacement
Pavement – grinding operations
(AC digouts)
Roadside Facilities (Rest Area /
Vista Points)
Roadside Facilities (Weigh
Station / Park and Ride Lot)
Right-of-Way Fence repair
Safety and Accident
investigations
Shoulder area grading for
lateral support
Sign repairs / replacement
Sump pump repairs / cleaning
Surveying
Tree maintenance (trimming /
pruning)
Utilities placement /
maintenance

FACILITY TYPE OF CLOSURE

Mainline Bridge Lane One-way
Auxiliary lane On-ramp Full Freeway Various
Median Off-ramp Moving
Shoulder Connector

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Did you prepare Lane Closure Charts? Yes No
Was “Zero delay” goal accomplished? (If not, be Yes No
sure to specify the expected delay above.)
Are there adjacent Lane Closures in the same corridor? Yes No
If Yes, what is the spacing?
 Sample Delay Calculations

RTE
Location: De m and vs . Capacity
Operation: Multilane Closure 14000

Percent Truck: 0.0% Cost per Truck: $24/Veh-Hr

12000
Percent Passenger Cars: 100.0% Cost per Passenger Car: $9/Veh-Hr
Number of Lanes Existing: 4 Lanes Cost for Mixed Flow Traffic: $9/Veh-Hr
Number of Lanes Open: 2 Lanes Single-Lane Capacity: 1500 Veh/Hr 10000
Open-Lane Capacity: 3000 Veh/Hr

ULATIVEVEHICLES
8000
Count Date: 5-3-2001
Cumulative Cumulative Queue Individual 6000
Demand Difference Area
Time Demand Capacity Length Delay
(Veh) (Veh) (Veh-Hr)
(Veh) (Veh) (mile) (minutes)

CUM
4000
6 AM 0 0 0 0 0 0.0
7 AM 5309 5309 3000 2309 1154.5 2.7 46 2000
8 AM 6945 12254 6000 6254 4281.5 7.4 125
0

6 AM

7 AM

8 AM
TIME
Max. Individual Delay: 125 minutes 0.0
Vehicle Delay Hours: 5,436 ve h-hr
De mand Capacity
Total Cost of Delay: $48,924
Delay Cost/10min: $4,077