The formal prison system in the Philippines started only during the

Spanish regime, where an organized corrective service was made

operational. Established in 1847 pursuant to Section 1708 of the
Revised Administrative Code and formally opened by Royal Decree in
1865, the Old Bilibid Prison was constructed as the main penitentiary
on Oroquieta Street, Manila and designed to house the prison
population of the country. This prison became known as the “Carcel y
Presidio Correccional” and could accommodate 1,127 prisoners.
When the Americans took over in the 1900s, the Bureau of Prisons was
created under the Reorganization Act of 1905 (Act No. 1407 dated
November 1, 1905) as an agency under the Department of Commerce
and Police.
"Bureau of Prisons", which was the name of the agency from 1905 to
1989
REPUBLIC ACT No. 10575

AN ACT STRENGTHENING THE BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS (BUCOR) AND

PROVIDING FUNDS THEREFOR

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in

Congress assembled:

Section 1. Short Title. – This Act shall be known as "The Bureau of Corrections
Act of 2013″.
 BuCor Correctional Institutions

Headed by a Director Headed by a Superintendent

1. THE BILIBID PRISON (Muntinlupa City)
-(587 hectares)
- 1847, the construction of the Bilibid Prison was started and became the central
institution for confinement of Filipino Prisoners.
- Carcel y Presidio Correccional (
- Prior to the Bilibid Prison, prisoners were confined in jails under the jurisdiction of
Commandancias where law enforcement units were stationed.

1865, The Bilibid Prison was Opened by virtue of Royal Decree of the Spanish Crown.
Old Bilibid Prison –Manila City Jail

The plan of the old bilibid was such that the brigades were constructed in a radial
spoke-of-a-wheel form.
On November 15, 1940, all inmates of the Old Bilibid Prison in Manila
were transferred to the new site. The new institution had a capacity of
3,000 prisoners and it was officially named the New Bilibid Prison on
January 22, 1941.
Two (2) satellite camps:
1. Camp Sampaguita (Medium Security) [RDC]
2 Camp Bukang Liwayway (Minimum Security)
2. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm (Zamboanga City)
1,160 hectares
• established in southern Zamboanga on August 21, 1870 through a royal decree
• Initially established for the confinement of political prisoners otherwise they will be sent to Guam or
Marianas.
• Named after the founder (Ramon Blanco, a Spanish Captain in the Royal Army).
• Its purpose is to segregate those political recalcitrants who advocated reforms but were rejected by the
constituted authority. Just like Jose Rizal who was imprisoned in Dapitan, also in Zamboanga.

• It has an area of 1,524.6 hectares. Housing min., med., and maximum custody prisoners type.

• The principal product is copra, which is one of the biggest source of income of the Bureau of Prisons. In
1924, commonwealth Act 3203 established reformatory for boys & girls. Average population of 1,200.
3. Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm(Barangay Iwahig, Puerto Princesa City,
Palawan)
(Nov. 16, 1904)

• Prison without walls

• around 34,000 hectares
• Foreman R.J. Shielf with sixteen prisoners left the Bilibid Prison by
order of Governor Forbes who was then Secretary of Commerce and
Police, to established the Iwahig Colony in Palawan.

• The ideas was hatched on the suggestion of then Governor Luke E.

Wright who envisioned it to be an institution for incorrigibles.
The first contigent, however, revolted against the authorities. They
hogtied their Superintendent, Mr. Madaras, and could have killed him
were it not for the timely succor of the Philippine Scouts stationed in
Puerto Princesa.

The policy regarding Iwahig was changed when the Bureau of Prison was
created on November 1, 1905 by Virtue of REgorganization Ac of 1407.
Instead of sending incorrigibles they houses well behaved and declared
tractable. It has been regarded as one of the best open institution in the
world. Only mutual trust and confidence between wards and guards and
prison authorities keep them together, there being no walls.
Iwahig is subdivided into four zones or districts:
• Central sub-colony with an area of 14,700 hectares;
• Sta. Lucia with 9,685 hectares;
• Montible with 8,000 hectares and
• Inagawan with 13,000 hectares.

It administers the Tagumpay Settlement – prison homestead.

4. The Correctional Institution for Women
• Located at Mandaluyong, established in November 27, 1929 R.A. 3579
established Correctional Institution for Women.

The only prison facility for national female convicted prisoners with land
area of 18 hectares. In 1934 the position of Female superintendent was
created to supervise.
5. Davao Prison and Penal Farm,

formerly the Davao Penal Colony (DaPeCol), was established on January 21, 1932 in Panabo
City, Davao del Norte, Philippines.

-18,000 hectares
- founded by Gen. Paulino Santos. Created by virtue of Act 3732 and Proclamation 414 series
of 1931

It has a land area of 30,000 hectares with a prison reservation of 8,000 hectares. During
World War II, the Davao Penal Colony was the biggest prison establishment in the country
which was used by the Japanese invading army as their imperial garrison.
C. Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm
• September 27, 1954, Proc. No.72
• SAblayan, San Jose , Occidental Mindoro, measures 16, 000 hectares
with four (4) sub colonies –“CPPY” (Central, Pasugul, Pusog and Yapang)
D. Leyte Regional Prison
• January 16, 1973, Abuyog Leyte
• Through the order of Martial law, has three levels of security and
has receiving and processing station.
The following penal facilities are considered as regular prisons, corresponding to the area where it is
situated.

• New Bilibid Prison, Muntinlupa City. For those sentenced to Death regardless of place of
conviction. Also, for those from the New Capital Region, Regions I, II, III, IV and V.
• Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan: From the province of Palawan and
Region IV-A.
• Davao Prison and Penal Farm, Davao del Norte: From Caraga, Regions IX, X and XI.
• Leyte Regional Prison, Abuyog, Southern Leyte: From Regions VI, VII and VIII.
• Correctional Institute for Women, Mandaluyong City: For all female national prisoners in the
country.
• Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm, Sablayan, Mindoro Occidental: From the Mindoro Province.
• San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm, Zamboanga City: From ARMM and Region XII.
 ADMISSION
AND
CONFINEMENT OF PDL (Inmates)
 Classification
• The process of assigning or grouping of inmates according to their
sentence, gender, age, nationality, health, criminal records and other
pertinent facts as basis.
• A method by which diagnosis, treatment, planning and execution
of treatment programs are coordinated to an individual.
• The process of assigning inmates to types of custody or treatment
programs appropriate to their needs.
Procedures of Classification

a. Diagnosis
• A stage where the prisoners case history is taken and his personality studied.
• Through examinations and observations, the nature and extent of the persons criminality is
determined and it shall be the basis for the formulation of his rehabilitation program.

b. Treatment planning
• Involves the formulation of a tentative treatment program best suited to the needs of the
individual prisoner, based on the findings.

c. Execution of the treatment program-

• The actual application of the treatment program designed for the prisoner.

d. Re-classification
• The process of monitoring the response of the prisoner to the treatment program and the
conduct of review of previous findings as compared to new information currently available.
• Periodic analysis of inmates continues from the time of the initial classification until his release.
RECEPTION DIAGNOSTIC CENTER

Upon admission a PDL shall be place in the quarantine for at least 5

days
• Given a physical examination to determine any physical illness or
handicap, or mental ailment, and to segregate those suspected of
having an infectious or contagious disease. If found sick the inamtes
shall immediately be confined in a hospital;

• Orientation of prsion rules and regulations

• Inteview by a counselor, social worker, and other program staff

officers; interview shall be conducted in private.
After quarantine period, the inmate shall remain in the RDC for a period
of 55 days where he shall undergo psychiatric, psychological,
sociological, vocational, educational, religious and other examinations.

The result of the said examination shall be a basis for inmate’s

individualize treatment program; thereafter, he shall be assigned to a
prison facility as may be recommended by the Chief of the Reception
and Diagnostic Center.
ADMISSION:
An inmate shall be admitted upon presentation in the RDC of the
following documents:

1. Mittimus
2. Information and court decision of his case
3. Certification of detention
4. Certification that the case of the inmate is not on appeal

5. A female inmate shall be receive only in CIW

REGISTRATION

• Name of the inmate

• Reason for commitment and the authority therefore
• Sentence
• Date and hour of admission
• Date and hour of discharge, and or transfer and basis therefore
CONFISCATION OF CONTRABANDS

If the inmate bring any drugs or medicine, the medical officer on duty
shall decide on its disposition.
ISSUANCE OF UNIFORMS

Newly admitted shal be given an issue of 2 regulations uniforms/suits and 2 t-shirts; whenever
practicable, they shall also be issued the following items:

a. One blanket
b. One mat
c. One mosquito net
d. One set mess kit
e. One pair of slipper

The inmate shall be responsible for the items issued

PERSONAL EFFECTS OF INAMATES

• The inmate may bring clothes and other items essential to his well
being; provided the quantity, nature, and dimension thereof do not
interfere with the safety and living conditions of the other inamtes.

• The Prison Superintendent may allow the inmate to bring in electrical

equipment like: television set, radio, cassette, video players; electric
fan, and similar items provided the same is for the common use with
other inmates

• In no case the inmates be allowed to bring in luxurious items such as:

air conditioners, carpets, sofa beds, sleeping mattresses, washing
machine, and the like
WEARING JEWELRY

They may be allowed to wear inexpensive watch

CLASSIFICATION OF INMATES
ACCORDING
TO SECURITY STATUS
Conducted by the Classification Board
Maximum Security – This includes highly dangerous or high security risk inmates as determined
by the Classification Board. Under this category belong:
• Those sentenced to death
• Those whose minimum sentence is twenty (20) years.
• Remand prisoners whose sentence is twenty years and above and those whose sentences
are under review by the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeals
• Those with pending cases
• Recidivists, habitual delinquents and escapees
• Those confined at the Reception and Diagnostic Center
• Those under disciplinary punishment or safekeeping
• Those who are certified as criminally insane or those with severe personality or emotional
disorders.
Medium Security – Here we find:
• Those who are below twenty years
• Those who are 18 years of age and below, regardless of the case and
sentence
• Those who have two (2) or more records of escape, if they have served
eight (8) years since they were recommitted. Those with one record of
escape must have served five years to be reclassified to medium security
• First offenders sentenced to life imprisonment, if they have served five
(5) years in maximum security. It does not include those who have served
in local jails by way of detention.
Minimum Security – Those reasonably trusted to serve their penalty under
less restricted conditions. It includes the following:
• Those with severe physical handicap, as certified by the Chief Medical
Officer of the institution.
• Those who are 65 years old and above who are without a pending case
and whose convictions are not on appeal
• Those who have served one-half of their minimum sentence or one-third
of their maximum sentence, excluding Good Conduct Time Allowance (GCTA)
• Those who have only six (6) months more to serve before the expiration of
their maximum sentence.
Uniform Dress Code
Determination of the security category under which a prisoner falls is
by the color of his prison uniform, which is as follows:

• Maximum security: Tangerine

• Medium Security: Blue
• Minimum security: Brown
• Detainee: Gray
BJMP INMATES
DIVERSIFICATION

Administrative device of correctional institutions of providing varied

and flexible types of physical plants for the more effective control of
the treatment programs of its diversified population
CLASSIFICATION OF INMATES ACCORDING TO ENTITLEMENT TO PRISON
PRIVILEGE

• Detainee
• Third Class
• Second Class
• First Class
• Colonist
COLONIST STATUS
One whose known character and credit for work while serving time earned an
assignment on trust basis for more than one year
One who has served imprisonment with good conduct for a period equivalent
to one fifth of the maximum term of his prison sentence or, in the case of one
who is serving a life sentence, seven years. His privileges include the following:
• Automatic reduction of the life sentence imposed on the colonist to a sentence of 30
years
• Allowing his family to live with him, with the government shouldering transportation
requirements in the movement, and availing of hospital, church, school, and other
services provided by such prison facilities, free of charge. This privilege is granted to
prisoners serving time in penal farms only
• Issuance of a reasonable amount of clothing and ordinary household supplies from
the government commissary, in addition to free subsistence
• The option to wear civilian clothes on such special occasions as may be designated by
the Superintendent.
INMATES WHO ARE SPOUSES- they may serve together as soon as they
are both classified as COLONIST

REVOCATION OF COLONIST STATUS

may be revoked by the, for cause, at any time by the Superintendent
with the approval of the Director
TRANSFER OF INMATES

May be transfered by the Director upon the recommendation of the

Superintendent
TRANSFER OF AN INSANE INMATE

TRANSFER TO AFP STOCKADE

TRASNFER OF INMATE Not ELIGIBLE TO BE A COLONIST TO A PRISON AND PENAL FARM

upon recommendation of the Classification Board , the Director may transfer to a
prison and penal farm an inmate who, although not eligible for classification as a colonist;

a. Physically and psychologically fit to absorb the rehabilitative program in the colony

b. That such assignment is therapeutically indicated.

OUTSIDE MOVEMENT OF INMATES
The Superintendent may authorize an inmate to be taken out oof prison in the
following instances:

a. To appear in court or other government agency as directed by a competent authority

b. For medical examination/treatment or hospitalization in an outside clinic or hospital

c. To view the remains of a deceased relative

Prior aprroval by a Secretary of Outside movement

Death convict shall not be allowed to leave his place of confinement
except for the urgent treatment or diagnosis of a life threatening or
serious ailments, if diagnosis cannot be done or the treatment in the
prsion hospital
Court appearance shall be based on a subpoena issued by the court as
endorsed by the Director

Life termer or death convict– when the supreme court authorized the
presiding judge
Application to view the remain of deceased relative with supporting documents:

-medium and minimum security inmates

-upon written application and submission of the original and certified true copies of the death certificate,
burial permit, and documents specified herein

Be allowed by the Superintendent

a. Wife (marriage contract

b. Child( BC and marriage certificate of the inmates)
c. Brother/sister ( BC of the brother or sister and the BC of inmates)
d. Father /mother (BC of inmates)
e. Grandchild (BC of grandchildren and of the letter of parent’s who maybe the son or daughter of the
inmates
When to file Application

Shall be filed with the Superintendent at least 2 days before the enjoyment of
the privilege sought .

DURATION:
• more or less 3 hours
• In the place where the remain lie in state
• Shall not be allowed to pass any other place in transit or to join funeral
cortege
DISTANCE :

• within radius of 30 kilometers by road from the prison

• May be extended if the inmate can leave and return to his place of
confinement during day time of the same date.
PRISON
LABOR
Convicted Offenders
- may be rewuired to work at least 8 hours
- Except on Sundays and legal holidays
- In and about the prison, public buildings, grounds, roads, and other
public works of the National Government
- In the interest of the service; however they may be required to work
on expected holidays
Detainee

- may not be required to work

-He may be made to polish his cell and perform such

other labor as may be deemed necessary for hygienic
or sanitary reasons
AGREEMETN OF DETAINEE TO ABIDE BY THE RULES IMPOSE ON FINALLY
CONVICTED OFFENDERS

FEMALE INMATES
Shall only be assigned to worj on jobs suitable to her age and physical
condition
Shall be supervise only by women officers
Old inmates- inmate over 60 years of age may be excused

PLACE OF WORK ASSIGNMENTS

• Only medium and minimum inmates may be assigned to work in agricultural
field projects within a prison reservation.

• Maximum security shall not be allowed to work outside the maximum

security compound
WORK PROGRAMS:

• Shall be conducted in prisons to promote good work habits and self-

esteem among inmates and not as a means to exploit cheap prison
labor or as a punishment for deviant behavior
COMPENSATION EARNED; HOW APPLIED:

May be forfeited

½ may be utilized to purchase some of his needs

Remainder will be withheld to be paid upon release only

In exceptional case, the Director or Superintendent may authorized the amount

remained
TRUST FUND
 ALLOWANCE
FOR
GOOD CONDUCT AND LOYALTY

GCTA
SPECIAL ALLOWANCE FOR LOYALTY
 Good Conduct Time Allowance
Old Law RPC RA 10592
During the first 2 years of his imprisonment, he shall be During the first 2 years of imprisonment , he shall be allowed a
allowed a deduction of 5 days for each month of good deduction of 20 days for each month of good behavior during
behavior detention

8 days 3rd – 5th year==- 23 days

10 days Following until 10th year----25 days

15 days 11th and successive year--- 30 days

At any time during the period of imprisonment, he shall be

allowed another deduction of 15 days, in addition to numbers
1 to 4 hereof, for each month of study, teaching or mentoring
service time rendered
During the first 2 years of imprisonment , he shall
be allowed a deduction of __________for each
month of good behavior during detention

20 days
• 3rd – 5th year?
23 days

• Following until 10th year?

25 days

• 11th and successive year?

30 days
GCTA of DETAINEE

Shall only be granted GCTA if he voluntarily offers into writing to

perform such labor works as maybe assigned to him; in such cases the
credit he may received shall be deducted from sentence ass maybe
imposed upon him if he is convited
GCTA of life termer- shall not be granted
GCTA while his sentence is on appeal
 Special Time Allowance for Loyalty
Article 158. Evasion of service of sentence on the occasion of disorder, conflagrations, earthquakes,
or other calamities. –
• A convict who shall evade the service of his sentence,
• by leaving the penal institution where he shall have been confined,
• on the occasion of disorder resulting from a conflagration, earthquake, explosion, or similar
catastrophe, or during a mutiny in which he has not participated,
• shall suffer an increase of one-fifth of the time still remaining to be served under the original
sentence,
• which in no case shall exceed six months,

• if he shall fail to give himself up to the authorities within forty-eight hours following the issuance
of a proclamation by the Chief Executive announcing the passing away of such calamity.

• Convicts who, under the circumstances mentioned in the preceding paragraph, shall give
themselves up to the authorities within the above mentioned period of 48 hours, shall be entitled
to the deduction provided in article 98.
Article 98. Special time allowance for loyalty. - A deduction of one-fifth
of the period of his sentence shall be granted to any prisoner who,
having evaded the service of his sentence under the circumstances
mentioned in article 158 of this Code, gives himself up to the
authorities within 48 hours following the issuance of a proclamation
announcing the passing away of the calamity or catastrophe to in said
article.
Shall fail to give up within 48 hours- 1/5 increase of period still remaining to be
served.

Give up within 48 hours – deduction of 1/5 of the sentence

Example:
•25 years (sentence)
•5 years still to be served
 Special Time Allowance for Loyalty
RA 10592
Section 4. Article 98 of the same Act is hereby further amended to read as follows:

•A deduction of one fifth of the period of his sentence shall be granted to any prisoner
who, having evaded his preventive imprisonment or the service of his sentence
•under the circumstances mentioned in Article 158 of this Code,
•gives himself up to the authorities within 48 hours following the issuance of a
proclamation announcing the passing away of the calamity or catastrophe referred to in
said article.

***A deduction of two-fifths of the period of his sentence shall be granted in case
said prisoner chose to stay in the place of his confinement notwithstanding the
existence of a calamity or catastrophe enumerated in Article 158 of this Code.

"This Article shall apply to any prisoner whether undergoing preventive imprisonment or
serving sentence."
• Under the new law no increase in case the inmate failed to give up

• Applicable to both detainee and sentenced prisoner

• Deduction of 2/5 of period of sentence for those who did not leave
Section 5. Article 99 of the same Act is hereby further amended to read as
follows:"

"ART. 99. Who grants time allowances. – Whenever lawfully justified,

• the Director of the Bureau of Corrections,
• the Chief of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and/or the
• Warden of a provincial, district, municipal or city jail

shall grant allowances for good conduct. Such allowances once granted shall
not be revoked."
Section 1. Article 29 of Act No. 3815, as amended, otherwise known as the
Revised Penal Code, is hereby further amended to read as follows:

"ART. 29. Period of preventive imprisonment deducted from term of

imprisonment.
– Offenders or accused who have undergone preventive imprisonment shall
be credited in the service of their sentence consisting of deprivation of
liberty, with the full time during which they have undergone preventive
imprisonment

--if the detention prisoner agrees voluntarily in writing after being informed
of the effects thereof and with the assistance of counsel to abide by the
same disciplinary rules imposed upon convicted prisoners, except in the
following cases:
"1. When they are recidivists, or have been convicted
previously twice or more times of any crime; and

"2. When upon being summoned for the execution of their

sentence they have failed to surrender voluntarily.
"If the detention prisoner does not agree to abide by the same
disciplinary rules imposed upon convicted prisoners, he shall do so in
writing with the assistance of a counsel and shall be credited in the
service of his sentence with four-fifths of the time during which he has
undergone preventive imprisonment.

"Credit for preventive imprisonment for the penalty of reclusion

perpetua shall be deducted from thirty (30) years.
"Whenever an accused has undergone preventive imprisonment for a
period equal to the possible maximum imprisonment of the offense
charged to which he may be sentenced and his case is not yet terminated,
he shall be released immediately without prejudice to the continuation of
the trial thereof or the proceeding on appeal, if the same is under review.

Computation of preventive imprisonment for purposes of immediate

release under this paragraph shall be the actual period of detention with
good conduct time allowance: Provided, however, That if the accused is
absent without justifiable cause at any stage of the trial, the court may
motu proprio order the rearrest of the accused:

Provided, finally, That recidivists, habitual delinquents, escapees and

persons charged with heinous crimes are excluded from the coverage of
this Act.
In case the maximum penalty to which the
accused may be sentenced is destierro, he
shall be released after thirty (30) days of
preventive imprisonment."
Safekeeping - the temporary custody of a person
for his own protection, safety or care and security
from harm, injury or danger for the liability he has
committed.
INMATE COMMUNICATION
Right to communicate

Censorship of mail matters

Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other
information.

Collection and delivery of mail matters

mail officer shall collect and deliver on daily basis form Monday to Friday
An inmate shall be advised to claim his mail, if he fails to claim his letter within
24 hours after it is received in prison
Expenses for special delivery of mail

Sending money- may received and send money

Mail privilege of inmates under punishment –allowed

Use of telephone-
• all offenders who demonstrate good behaviors shall earn 1 telephone call to
nay authorized individual every 90 days

• Shall be monitored and shall not have a duration exceeding 5 minutes

• Foreign inmates- with Diplomats and Consular rep

• Stateless inmates- any international or national authority

EXERCISE OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF
• Religious freedom
• Proselytizing
-the action of attempting to convert someone from one religion, belief, or opinion to another.

-Not allowed
• Pastoral visits

• Worship services
• Sponsor in a religious rites
• Privilege communication
• Dietary requirements
MARRIAGE OF INMATES AND
DETAINESS
• REQUEST TO MARRY- written request with the Superintendent

• Eligibility to Marry

• Marriage expenses

• Privacy of Visits

• Conjugal Visits
• refers to the visit by the wife/husband for a short period, usually an hour, more or less, to
her/his incarcerated husband/wife during which they are allowed privacy and are generally
understood to have sexual contact.
Violation of visiting Rules- suspension of privileges
Pecuniary aid to inmate

Board of Discipline – presided by the Assistant Superintendent

Imposable Punishment
• Caution or reprimand
• Cancellation of recreation, education, entertainment, and visiting privileges
• Deprivation of GCTA for a specified period
• Change of security status to the next higher category
• Pregnant CIW inmates- there shall be special
accommodation for pregnant women, whenever practicable ,
however arrangement shall be made for children to be born
in a hospital outside the prison.

• An infant born while the mother is serving sentence in the

CIW may be allowed to stay with the mother for a period not
exceeding 1 year.
Notification of kin of dead inmates- fastest means of
communication available

Disposition of cadaver of deceased inmate

Maybe turned over to institution of learning designated
by the Secretary
Unless claimed by the relatives

Burial
In case shall the burial of a convict be held with pomp
POMP-ceremony and splendid display, especially at a
public event.
RELEASE OF INMATE:
BASIS:
1. Upon expiration of his sentence

2. By order of the court or competent authority

3. After being granted parole, pardon or amnesty

 WHO MAY AUTHORIZED RELEASE:
1. Supreme Court- acquittal , or grant of bail

2. President – executive Clemency or amnesty

3. Board of Pardons and Parole – Parole

4. Director- expiration of sentence

VERIFICATION OF INDENTITY

DOCUMETARY BASIS

PROMPT RELEAS OF INMATE

RELEASE OF FOREING NATIONAL- the Director shall notify the

Commissioner of Immigration of the release of an inmate at least 30
days before approximate date of release
PRHIBBITED RELEASE

60 DAYS BEFORE AND 30 DAYS AFTER ELECTION , EXCEPT FOR VALID REASON
ESCORT PROCEDURE
DISTANCE- 10 paces

-2 guards for every inmate

-when 2 or more inmates are to be escorted the number of guards may

be reduced proportionately without sacrificing security requirements

-If inmate is notorious or has a previous record of escape additional

escort guards shall be assigned
THEORIES JUSTIFYING PENALTIES
1. Prevention - the state punishes the criminal to prevent or suppress the
danger to the State and to public arising from the criminal acts of the
offender.
2. Self-Defense - the state punishes the criminal as a measure or self-
defense so as to protect society from the threat and wrong inflicted by the
criminal.
3. Reformation - it is the duty of the state to take care of and reform the
criminal
4. Exemplarity - the criminal is punished to serve as an example to
discourage others from committing crimes.
5. Justice - based on the theory that crime must be punished by the state
as an act of retributive justice, a vindication of absolute right and moral law
violated by the criminal
Juridical Condition of Penalty:
1. Juridical and Legal- it must be imposed by virtue of a judgment as
prescribed by law.
2. Definite- it must be specific
3. Commensurate - it must be proportionate to the gravity of the
crime.
4. Personal - it must be imposed to the person who actually committed
the crime with no substitutes.
5. Equal- it must apply to all offenders
• EARLY concept of PUNISHMENT
• 1. Retribution - personal vengeance
• 2. Explation or Atonement - group vengeance
• 3. Deterrence - serve as warning to future law violators
• 4. Protection - for purposes of securing society
• 5. Reformation - change of behavior from unaccepted norm of
behavior
FUNCTIONS OF CORRECTIONS

1. To maintain institutions - correctional component is responsible for

maintaining prisoner, jail, halfway house and other institutional
facilities to receive convicted offenders sentenced to a period of
incarceration.
2. Protect law abiding members of society - correction is responsible
for providing custody and security in order to keep sentenced offenders
from preying on other members of society through the further
commission of crimes.