Good Day Class!

CHEMISRTY

Mr. Eduardo Quilitano BS-

Chem
 Good Day Class!

LESSON:

CALORIMETRY
Mr. Eduardo Quilitano BS-
Chem
 WHAT IS CALORIMETRY

-Calorimetry is a primary technique for measuring

the thermal properties of
materials to establish a connection
between temperature and specific
physical properties of substances
and is the only method for direct
determination of the enthalpy
associated with the process of
interest.
 
 Calorimetry is used to measure amounts of heat
transferred to or from a substance. To do so, the heat is
exchanged with a calibrated object (calorimeter). The
temperature change measured by the calorimeter is used to
derive the amount of heat transferred by the process under
study. The measurement of heat transfer using this approach
requires the definition of a system (the substance or
substances undergoing the chemical or physical change) and
its surroundings (all other matter, including components of
the measurement apparatus, that serve to either provide
heat to the system or absorb heat from the system).
A calorimeter is a device used to measure the
amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical
process. For example, when an exothermic
reaction occurs in solution in a calorimeter, the
heat produced by the reaction is absorbed by the
solution, which increases its temperature. When
an endothermic reaction occurs, the heat required
is absorbed from the thermal energy of the
solution, which decreases its temperature (
.
 In a calorimetric determination, either (a)
 
an exothermic process occurs and heat, q,
is negative, indicating that thermal energy
is transferred from the system to its
surroundings, or (b) an endothermic
process occurs and heat, q, is positive,
indicating that thermal energy is
transferred from the surroundings to the
system.
The equation for calorimetry is 
Q = mc∆T,
where Q= heat evolved,
m= mass,
c= specific heat capacity
∆T= change in
temperature
.The heat that is liberated from whatever
 exothermic (heat-releasing) chemical reaction
 occurs in the calorimeter would ordinarily
disperse into the environment. This is a loss
chalked up to a change in a thermodynamic
quantity known as enthalpy that describes both
the internal energy of the system and changes
in the system's pressure-volume relationship.
This heat is instead trapped between the
solvent and the lid of the cup
Heat
. Capacity and Specific Heat Defined
 
  Heat capacity, when originally coined, referred
simply to the amount of heat required to warm an entire
object (which may be made of multiple materials) by a given
amount. Specific heat capacity refers to the amount of heat
needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a specific
material by 1 degree Celsius or Kelvin (°C or K).
While the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales are not the
same, they are different by a fixed amount, as °C + 273 = K
where K cannot be negative. This means that a given
numerical change in temperature in one scale produces the
same magnitude of change in the other, unlike the case with
Fahrenheit-Celsius interconversions.
 Example 1: 
. First, take the simple case of a gram of
  sodium hydroxide (NaOH) being dissolved in 50
 
mL of water at 25 °C. Take the heat capacity of
water at this temperature to be 4.184 J/kg⋅°C
and consider the 50 mL of water to have a mass
of 50 grams, or 0.05 kg. If the temperature of the
solution increases to 30.32 °C, how much heat
is gained by the calorimeter?
You have Q = mc∆T
= (0.05 kg)(4.184 kJ/kg⋅°C)(30.32 −
5.32 °C)

= 1.113 kJ or 1,113 J.
A coffee cup calorimeter
is used
to measure enthalpy
changes
in chemical processes,
giving
ΔH. Essentially, the heat
measured in the device
is
equivalent to ΔH, the
change in
enthalpy.
What is the purpose of the coffee
cup in a coffee cup calorimetry
experiment?
The coffee cup insulates the
experiment, minimizing heat loss
to the environment. Label the
direction of heat flow between
system and surroundings for each
process.
The coffee cup calorimeter can't be
used for high-temperature
reactions, either, because they
would melt the cup. A bomb
calorimeter is used to measure
heat flows for gases and ​high-
temperature reactions. Once the
calorimeter constant is known,
calculating heat flow is a simple
matter..
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENT OF
COFFEE CUP CALORIMERTY AND
BOMB CALORIMERTY.
A coffee cup calorimeter is great
for measuring heat flow in a solution, but
it can't be used for reactions that involve
gases since they would escape from the
cup. ... A bomb calorimeter is used to
measure heat flows for gases and ​high-
temperature reactions.
bomb calorimeter
Measurement. an
apparatus that can measure heats
of combustion, used in various
applications such as calculating the
calorific value of foods and fuels.
See below. bomb calorimeter An
apparatus primarily used for
measuring heats of combustion.
the heat is exchanged inside the
calorimeter, we can set the total heat to
zero. We have three terms for the three
parts of our calorimeter: the calorimeter
itself, the water bath, and the chemical
reaction, which you can see labeled in the
equation below
Substituting the equations for the heat of the
water and the heat of the calorimeter, we get
this much more detailed equation:
 CALORIE
A calorie is a unit of energy. When you hear
something contains 100 calories, it's a way of
describing how much energy your body could
get from eating or drinking it.
WHAT IS COLRIE IN A FOOD TERM
a calorie is a unit that measures
energy. Calories are usually used to
measure the energy content of foods and
beverages. To lose weight, you need to
eat fewer calories than your body burns
each day. Conversely, to gain weight, you
need to consume more calories than you
expend
HOW MANY CALORIE Daily calorie
SHOULD BURN A DAY: requirements
Age

19–30 years 2,000–2,400 calories

31–59 years 1,800–2,200 calories

60+ years 1,600–2,000 calories

 HOW TO CALCUALTE CALORIE TO
CALORIMETER
1. Calculate the number of calories in your food using
the equation below. Don't let the units confuse you.
They will cancel out. Simplified, it's just Calories =
water mass * temp change.

2. Divide total calories of each food item by its mass to

obtain Calories per gram.