Photography

• Do you like photography?

• Have you taken photos before?
• Do you have a camera? Or do you use your phone to take pictures?
• Would you like a career in photography?
A brief history
• Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
• Invention: The first permanent photograph (“View from the
Window at Le Gras,” shown earlier)
• Where: France, 1826
• Impact: Cameras had already existed for centuries before this, but
they had one major flaw: You couldn’t record a photo with them!
They simply projected light onto a separate surface – one which
artists used to create realistic paintings, but not strictly
photographs. Niépce solved this problem by coating a pewter plate
with, essentially, asphalt, which grew harder when exposed to
light. By washing the plate with lavender oil, he was able to fix the
hardened substance permanently to the plate.
• Quote: “The discovery I have made, and which I
call Heliography, consists in reproducing spontaneously, by the
action of light, with gradations of tints from black to white, the
images received in the camera obscura.” Mic drop.
• Louis Daguerre
• Invention: The Daguerreotype (first
commercial photographic material)
• Where: France, 1839
• Impact: Daguerreotypes are images fixed
directly to a heavily polished sheet of silver-
plated copper. This invention is what really
made photography a practical reality –
although it was still just an expensive
curiosity to many people at this point. The
first time you see a daguerreotype in person,
you may be surprised just how sharp it is.
• Quote: “I have seized the light. I have
arrested its flight.”
• Dorothea Lange
• Genre: Portrait photography
• Where: United States, 1930s
• Impact: One of the most prominent
documentary photographers in history, and the
photographer behind one of the most
influential images of all time (shown below), is
Dorothea Lange. If you’ve ever seen photos
from the Great Depression, you’ve seen some
of her work. Her photos shaped the field of
documentary photography and showed the
camera’s potential for telling powerful stories
perhaps more than anyone else.
• Quote: “The camera is an instrument that
teaches people how to see without a camera.”
• Ansel Adams
• Genre: Landscape photography
• Where: United States
• When: 1920s to 1960s (for most of his work)
• Impact: Ansel Adams is perhaps the most
famous photographer in history, which is
remarkable because he mainly took pictures of
landscapes and natural scenes. (Typically,
famous photographers have tended to
photograph people instead.) Ansel Adams helped
usher in an era of realism in landscape
photography, and he was an early champion of
the environmentalism and preservation
movements in the United States.
• Quote: “There is nothing worse than a sharp
image of a fuzzy concept.”
 • Camera: Specialized cameras aren’t required.
What do you Phones’ cameras are more than enough
• Lenses: The most important gear for
need to take photographers. Different types of lenses are
required to take different genres of photos.
photos? • Editing Software: Adobe’s products (Photoshop,
Lightroom, After Effects)
Role-play
• You are a professional freelancing photographer and a client requests
your service. You decide to hold a meeting with them to do business.
• What questions should you ask the client? What questions should you expect
from them?
• Read the prepared script and conduct a make-believe meeting
Questions
• How much money would cost the client at the end of the
conversation?
• From the text, can you guess the definition of “infer”?
• Which part of the conversation gives you a clue that the client might
be a single father?
Present Simple review
Structure
Ví dụ
Cấu trúc
Câu khẳng định I/You/We/They + V She works in a hospital.
He/She/It + V(s/es)
Câu phủ định I/You/We/They + don’t (do not) + V She doesn’t work in a museum.
He/She/It + doesn’t (does not) + V
Câu nghi vấn sử dụng trợ động từ Do I/you/we/they + V? Do you work in a hospital?
/ Does he/she/it + V? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Yes, I/you/we/they do. / Yes,
he/she/it does.
No, I/you/we/they don’t. /No,
he/she/it doesn’t.
Câu nghi vấn bắt đầu bằng từ để Wh- + do/does (not) + S + V? Where do you come from?
hỏi Wh-  What does she mean?
-s and –es rule
• Với các từ có tận cùng là “o”, “ch”, “sh”, “x”, “s”, ta thêm đuôi
“es”
• Ví dụ: go – goes; do – does; watch – watches; fix – fixes, miss –
misses, wash – washes…
• Với các từ có tận cùng là “y”, ta bỏ “y” và thêm đuôi “ies”
• Ví dụ: copy – copies; study – studies…
• Với các từ còn lại, ta thêm đuôi “s”.
• Ví dụ: see – sees; play – plays…
• Động từ bất quy tắc: have - has
Usage
Cách sử dụng Ví dụ

Diễn tả một thói quen hoặc hành động lặp đi lặp lại I usually get up at 6 a.m.
trong hiện tại

Diễn tả một chân lý, sự thật hiển nhiên The Earth moves around the Sun.

Nói về một lịch trình có sẵn, chương trình, kế hoạch The plane lands at 10 a.m. tomorrow.
đã có thời gian biểu cố định

Sử dụng trong câu điều kiện loại I What will you do if you fail your interview?
First Conditional (brief intro)
• If + present simple, will/won’t + verb.
• If I pass this exam, I’ll celebrate.
• If I pass this exam, I won’t have to do it again.
Sign (Signal words)
•  Trạng từ chỉ tần suất như: always, constantly, usually,
frequently, often, occasionally, sometimes, seldom, rarely, every
day/ week/month...
Present Continuous review
Structure
  Cấu trúc Ví dụ

Câu khẳng định S + am/is/are + V-ing He’s thinking about leaving his job.

Câu phủ định S + am/is/are not + V-ing I’m not looking. My eyes are closed
tightly.

Câu nghi vấn sử dụng trợ động từ Am/ Is/ Are + S + V-ing? Is Emma cooking?
Yes, S + am/is/are. Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
No, S + am/is/are + not.

Câu nghi vấn bắt đầu bằng từ để Wh- + am/ are/ is (not) + S + V-ing? Who is Kate talking to on the
hỏi Wh-  phone?
Usage
Cách sử dụng Ví dụ

Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói Look, somebody is trying to steal that man's wallet.

Diễn tả một hành động hoặc sự việc nói chung đang They're considering making an appeal against the
diễn ra nhưng không nhất thiết phải thực sự diễn ra judgment.
ngay lúc nói

Diễn tả một hành động sắp xảy ra trong tương lai gần, We are having a special dinner at a top restaurant for
thường diễn tả một kế hoạch đã lên lịch sẵn all the senior managers.

Diễn tả hành động thường xuyên lặp đi lặp lại gây ra He is always coming late
sự bực mình hay khó chịu cho người nói. Cách dùng
này được dùng với trạng từ “always, continually”
Stative Verb (Động từ chỉ trạng thái)
• Động từ biểu hiện hoặc mô tả trạng thái, tính chất của một đối tượng, được sử dụng để chỉ

• Các giác quan, nhận thức như: be, seem, feel, smell, taste...

• Tình cảm, cảm xúc như: like, love, hate...

• Suy nghĩ, quan điểm như: think, know, understand, believe, guess...

• Hầu hết động từ chỉ trạng thái không được sử dụng ở dạng tiếp diễn.

• Ví dụ: This pudding smells delicious.

• You look like your mother.

• I assume you are too busy to play computer games.

Stative Verb (Cont)

• Tuy nhiên, một số động từ chỉ trạng thái có thể được sử dụng ở dạng
tiếp diễn nếu ý nghĩa của chúng mang tính tạm thời, miêu tả hành
động (động từ vừa diễn tả trạng thái vừa diễn tả hành động)
• Ví dụ: What are you thinking about?

• I’m tasting the sauce to see if it needs any more salt.

Reading