Humidity

• Humidity, the amount of

water vapour in the air. It is
the most variable
characteristic of the
atmosphere and constitutes a
major factor in climate and
weather.
HUMIDITY
• Moisture continuously enters and leaves the atmosphere.
• When present in air, it gives air a different character.
• The process by which water vapour enters the atmosphere on heating
is knowns as evaporation.
• The process by which it again forms water droplets on cooling is
known as condensation.
• The process by which the droplets fall to ground in liquid ,solid or
frozen form is known as precipitation.
• The amount of water vapour present in air is known as humidity.
HUMIDITY
• The total volume of water in the
oceans and seas is constant.
• This because all the water that
evaporates from the earth’s
water bodies is eventually
returned to it directly by the
process of condensation and
precipitation and indirectly by
stream and overflow from land
surfaces.
• Vapour is the gaseous state of
water.
• A certain amount of energy is
required to change water into water
vapour.
• Heating of water over oceans, lakes
and rivers causes water to
evaporates.
• Generally 600 calories of heat is
required to change one gram of
liquid water into its vaporous state.
Factors Favoring evaporation
Types of humidity
HUMIDITY
Types of humidity
HUMIDITY
HUMIDITY
Types of humidity
MEASURING OF HUMIDITY
MEASURING OF HUMIDITY
CONDENSATION
• Condensation is the change of the physical state of matter from
the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of
vaporization. The word most often refers to the water cycle. It
can also be defined as the change in the state of water vapor to
liquid water when in contact with a liquid or solid surface or
cloud condensation nuclei within the atmosphere. When the
transition happens from the gaseous phase into the solid phase
directly, the change is called deposition.
PRECIPATION
• In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of
atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity from clouds.
• The main forms of precipitation include-
• drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, ice pellets, graupel and hail.
• Precipitation occurs when a portion of the atmosphere becomes
saturated with water vapor (reaching 100% relative humidity), so
that the water condenses and "precipitates" or falls.
• Thus, fog and mist are not precipitation but colloids, because the
water vapor does not condense sufficiently to precipitate.
FORMS OF PRECIPIATION
Types of rainfall
• Convectional Rainfall – Major Characteristics
• The air on getting heated becomes light and rises
in convection currents.
• As the air rises, it expands and drops the
temperature and subsequently, condensation
takes place and cumulus clouds are formed.
• Heavy rainfall with lightning and thunder takes
place which does not last long.
• Such rain is usually in the summer or the hotter
part of the day.
• This type of rainfall generally takes place in the
equatorial regions and internal parts of the
continents, predominantly in the northern
hemisphere.
• This rainfall is usually associated with hail and
graupel
TYPES OF RAINFALL
• Orographic Rainfall – Major Characteristics
• When the saturated air mass comes across a
mountain, it is forced to rise.
• The rising air expands, eventually, the
temperature falls, and the moisture gets
condensed.
• The principal characteristic of this type of rain is
that the windward slopes get more rainfall.
• After giving rain on the windward side, when
these winds reach the other slope, they drop
away, and their temperature increases. Then
their ability to take in moisture increases and
hence, these leeward slopes remain dry and
rainless.
• The region situated on the leeward side is known
as the rain-shadow area.
Types of Rainfall
• Cyclonic Rainfall – Major Characteristics
• Cyclonic activity causes cyclonic rain and it
occurs along the fronts of the cyclone.
• When two masses of air of unlike density,
temperature, and humidity meet then it is formed.
• The layer that separates them is known as the
front.
• A warm front and the cold front are the two parts
of the front.
• At the warm front, the warm lighter wind
increases slightly over the heavier cold air.
• As the warm air rises, it cools, and the moisture
present in it condenses to form clouds
• This rain falls gradually for a few hours to a few
days.