21 Century

st

Literature
From the
Philippines
And the World
PR
E- NATIONALISTIC
CO H
LO AND IS
N REVOLUTIONARY AN
IA SP
L

PHILIPPINE
AM
O-RA RY
JAPAN
S ER IC
EMP AN
N T
CO
The SPANISH
PERIOD
(1521-1897)
•Filipinos were called
two things. One is the
“Taga-Bayan”, while
the other is the
“Taga-bukid” or
“taga-bundok”.
 • A person who is a Taga-
bundok or taga-bukid is
called a Bruto Salvage
(Savage Brute) or Indio and
were the ones who lived
far from the center of the
Spanish power.
Literary Influences during Spanish
colonization
a. Christian Doctrine or Doctrina Christiana was
the first book ever printed in the Philippines in
1593 by the Dominican press.
b. Libro de la Lengua Tagala by Fernando
Bagongbanta is a tagalog translations to the
Spanish lines, still with the superiority of the
Spanish language.
c. Pasyon is influenced by the Spanish contexts of
Christianity. At least, they embodied several
Filipino sentiments and values (the feeling of
Filipino mother towards a suffering son)
 Forms
1.) Religious Literature
2.)Secular or Non-
religious Literature
3.) Propaganda Literature
4.) Revolutionary
Literature
 Religious
1.)

Literature
Religious lyrics written by ladino poets or those
versed in both Spanish and Tagalog were included
in early catechism and were used to teach
Filipinos the Spanish language
 Revolves
around the life
and the death
of Jesus.
Forms of Religious Literature

a.Pasyon
b.Senakulo
c.Komedya
 a.Pasyon
It is about the
passion (journey and
suffering) and the
death of Jesus
Christ.
 b. Senakulo
It is the re-
enactment of
the Pasyon.
 c. Komedya
It depicts the European
society through love and
fame, but can also be a
narrative about a journey,
just like Dante Alighieri’s
Divine Comedy.
2.)Secular or Non-
Religious
Literature
Forms of Non-Religious
Literature

a.Awit
b.Korido
c.Prose
Narratives
a.Awit- these are
tales of chivalry
where a knight saves
a princess. Florante
at Laura is a good
example.
b. Korido- is a
metrical tale or a
tale that follows
the structure of a
poem.
c. Prose Narratives – are
easy to understand
instructional materials than in
a literary light that teaches
Filipinos on proper decorum.
-includes myths, legends, and
folktales
Dalawang Binibini na
si Urbana at Feliza
(1864) is a good
example.
3.) Propaganda
Literature
 These were in the
forms of satires,
editorials, and news
articles that aimed
to attack the
Spanish rule.
 The propaganda
trinity is composed
of Dr. Jose Rizal,
Marcelo H. Del Pilar,
and Graciano Lopez
Jaena.
Examples of
their work
against the
Spanish.
Graciano Lopez
Jaena
 Who is
Graciano Lopez
Jaena?
Name: Graciano López y Jaena

Birthday: December 18, 1856.

Birthplace: Jaro, Iloilo

Parents: Plácido López

María Jacoba Jaena
• Founder and first editor of the
newspaper La Solidaridad, which became
the vehicle of expression for Filipino
propaganda in Spain.
• Together wtih Jose Rizal and Marcelo H.
Del Pilar, he undertook propaganda
campaigns in Spain.
• Born in Jaro, Iloilo, on December 18,
1856.
• He died on January 20, 1896, in
Barcelona, Spain.
• López Jaena died of tuberculosis on
January 20, 1896 in Barcelona,
eleven months short of his 40th
birthday.
•  The following day, he was buried in
a mass grave at the Montjuïc
Cemetery of Barcelona.
• He died in poverty and his remains
have not been brought back to the
Philippines.
 Ang Fray Botod
One of his works written in
Jaro, Iloilo in 1876, six years
after The Cavite Revolt
attacking the friars in the
Philippines. He exposed how
some of the friars were
GREEDY, AMBITIOUS and
IMMORAL.
 La Hija Del Fraile
(The child of the Friar) and
Everything is Hambug
(Everything is mere show)
Here Jaena explains the
TRAGEDY OF MARRYING A
SPANIARD.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
 Who is
Marcelo
H. Del Pilar?
Name: Marcelo Hilario del Pilar
y Gatmaitán

Birthday:  August 30, 1850

Birthplace: Bulakan, Bulacan

Parents: Julián Hilario del Pilar

Blasa Gatmaitán
• In 1882 Del Pilar founded the
newspaper Diariong Tagalog to
propagate democratic liberal ideas
among the farmers and peasants.
• Del Pilar was a writer, lawyer, and a
Philippine revolutionary propagandist.
Marcelo, together with Jose Rizal and
Graciano Lopez Jaena, became known
to be the leaders of the Reform
Movement in Spain.
Kaiingat Kayo (Be careful)
A humorous and sarcastic
dig in answer to Fr. Jose
Rodriguez in the novel of
NOLI of Rizal, published in
Barcelona in 1888. He used
DOLORES MANAPAT as his
pen name.
Dasalan at Tocsohan
(Prayers and Jokes)
Similar to a cathecism
but sarcastically done
AGAINST THE PARISH
PRIESTS, publish in
Barcelona in 1888.
Because of this del Pilar
was called FILIBUSTER .
Done in admirable tone
of supplication and
excellent use of Tagalog.
Dr. Jose Rizal
Who is Dr.
Jose Rizal?
Name: Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal
Mercado Alonso y Realonda

Birthday: June 19, 1861

Birthplace: Calamba, Laguna

Parents:
Don Francisco Mercado Rizal
Doña Teodora Realonda
Rizal is the 7
th

child of
Francisco and
Teodora. They
are 11 in total.
 1.Saturnina
2.Paciano
3.Narcisa
4.Olimpia
5.Lucia
6.Maria
7.Jose
8.Concepcion
9.Josefa
10.Trinidad
11.Soledad
 All the girls Rizal loved before
1.Segunda Katigbak
2.Leonor Valenzuela
3.Leonor Rivera
4.Consuelo Ortega Y Rey
5.Seiko Usui
6.Gertrude Beckett
7.Suzanne Jacoby
8.Nellie Boustead
9.Josephine Bracken
1.Segunda Katigbak- first love of Rizal
2.Leonor Valenzuela-Rizal was said to
have sent Leonor private and secret love
letters, which he wrote using invisible ink
made with water and salt—he was adept in
chemistry, too.
3.Leonor Rivera-Leonor’s parents
highly disapproved of their relationship as they
were wary of Rizal being a “filibuster.”
4. Consuelo Ortega Y Rey- He
showed affection towards Consuelo but was
not serious in his pursuit as he was still
engaged to Leonor Rivera at the time
5. Seiko Usui- One day, while he was in the
office grounds, he saw O-Sei-San walk past the
legation’s gate and was immediately enthralled by
her beauty. With the help of a Japanese gardener,
he asked to be introduced to the woman who
captured his eyes—and the gardener acquiesced.
Rizal spoke little Japanese at the time, so the
gardener had to serve as a translator. However, a
few minutes into the conversation, they both found
O-Sei-San spoke English and French, which was a
relief as Rizal spoke both languages. When the
language barrier broke, they started to build a
relationship.
6.Gertrude Beckett - He called her
Gettie, she called him Pettie. But all documents
lead to say one thing: the feelings weren’t
mutually shared.
7.Suzanne Jacoby – there relationship
was just a fling.
8.Nellie Boustead - Antonio Luna and
Jose Rizal almost got into a duel because of
her.
9.Josephine Bracken - the woman who
stayed with Rizal until his execution in 1896. She was also,
allegedly, the woman whom Rizal married. 
• Segunda
Katigbak
• Leonor
Valenzuela
• Leonor
Rivera
• Consuelo
Ortega Y Rey
• Seiko Usui
• Gertrude
Beckett
• Suzanne
Jacoby
• Nellie
Boustead
• Josephine
Bracken
 NOLI ME TANGERE
It is the novel that gave spirit
to the propaganda movement
and paved the way to the
revolution against
the Spanish.
 Are exposes that
sparked revolution
and resistance in
the heart of
Filipinos.
4.)Revolutionary
Literature
Andres Bonifacio
 Who is
Andres
Bonifacio?
Name: Andrés Bonifacio y de
Castro
Birthday: November 30, 1897

Birthplace: Tondo, Manila

Parents:
Santiago Bonifacio
Catalina de Castro
• His name is after Andrew the
apostle.
• He was the eldest of six
children.
• His siblings are Ciriarco,
Procopio, Troading,
Esperidiona, and Maxima.
• His first wife: Monica
• Second wife: Gregoria de
Jesus(Oriang) .
 Katungkulang Gawain ng mga
Anak ng Bayan (Obligations of
our Countrymen)
-an outline of obligations just
like the Ten Commandments,
hence, it is likewise called
ANG DEKALOGO.
Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga
Tagalog (What the Tagalog
should Know)
-an essay outlining the
basic tenets of
Bonifacio’s ideas on
NATIONALISM.
Emilio Jacinto
 Who is
Emilio
Jacinto?
Name: Emilio Jacinto y Dizon

Birthday: December 15, 1875

Birthplace: Tondo, Manila

Parents:
Mariano Jacinto
Josefa Dizon
• He is the brain of the Katipunan.
• He was one of the highest-ranking
officers in the Philippine Revolution
and was one of the highest-ranking
officers of the revolutionary
society Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-
galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng
Bayan, or simply and more popularly
called Katipunan, being a member of
its Supreme Council. 
• Brain of Katipunan
 Liwanag at Dilim (Light
and Darkness)
-a collection of essays on
different subjects like
FREEDOM, WORK, FAITH,
GOVERNMENT AND LOVE
OF COUNTRY.
Apolinario Mabini
 Who is
Apolinario
Mabini?
Name: Apolinario Mabini y
Maranan

Birthday: July 23, 1864

Birthplace: Tanauan, Batangas

Parents:
Dionisia Maranan
 Inocencio Mabini
• Prime Minister of the
Philippines (1899–1899)
• Secretary of Foreign Affairs of
Philippines (1899–1899)
• Mabini is often referred to as
the "Brains of the
Revolution"
 El Desarollo y Caida de la
Republica Filipina (The Rise and
Fall of the Philippine Republic
-this essay highlights the
establishment of the Philippine
republic and its subsequent
doom due to disunity among
the Filipinos.
Dr. Jose Rizal
 El Filibusterismo
-this is a sequel to the NOLI.
While the NOLI exposed the evils
in the society, the FILI exposed
those in the government and in
the church. However, the NOLI
has been dubbed the novel of
society while that of FILI is that
of politics.