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OPERATOR DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM 3
EKSPLORATION & PRODUCTION
GAS CALCULATION METHOD

By : Sardjono Kahar
 GAS MEASUREMENT
ORIFICE-METER MEASUREMENT

To measure volume of vapour/gas or liquid commontly use differential

measurement device, orifice meter .

A correctly installed orifice can provide an overall accuracy within plus or

minus 2%.

The orifice meter consists of static pressure and differential pressure

recording gauges connected to an orifice flange or orifice fitting.

The orifice meter tube (meter run) consists of up-stream and down-
stream section of pipe.

The orifice plate is held perpendicular to flow by flanges or fitting.

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 ORIFICE FITTING
( 3 Types of Orifice Fitting )

Standard Orifice Flange. Require that the line need to be

shut down and depressurized in order to inspect or change
the orifice plate.

Single Chamber Orifice Fitting. This fitting also requires

that the line be shut down and depressurized in order to
inspect or change the orifice plate.

Senior Orifice Fitting. This fitting allows the removal and

inspection of an orifice plate while the line remains under
pressures.

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SENIOR ORIFICE FITTING SINGLE CHAMBER ORIFICE
FITTING

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SENIOR ORIFICE FITTING

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 ORIFICE PLATE
The thickness of the orifice plate for 2 inch through 10
inch nominal diameter pipe shall be at least 0.115 in., for
12 in pipe shall be at least 0.175 in.

The upstream face of the orifice plate shall be flat and per-
pendicular to the axis of the meter tube, when in position
between the orifice flanges or in the orifice fitting, square
and sharp, shall not have a burred or feathered edge and
shall be maintained in this condition at all times.

The thickness of the orifice plate at the orifice edge shall

not exceed the smaller of :
a. 1/50 of the pipe diameter D
b. 1/8 of the orifice diameter d
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 BETA RATIO β
( d/D )

The orifice to meter tube diameter ratio , β, beta = d/D, should be

limited as follows :
a. With meters using flange taps, beta shall be between 0.15 and 0.70
b. With meters using pipe taps, beta shall be between 0.20 and 0.67

When using the above beta ratio, the tolerance of the orifice coefficient ( Fb
factors ) is plus or minus 0.5% for flange taps and plus or minus 0.75% for pipe
taps. Beta ratios down to 0.10 and up to 0.75 may be used for flange taps but
the coefficient tolerance increases. Beta ratios down to 0.10 and up to 0.70 may
be used for pipe taps but the coefficient tolerance increases.

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 METER TUBE

The Meter Tube mean the straight upstream pipe of the same diameter ( of length
A and A’ between the orifice flanges or fittings, and the similar downstream pipe
( length B beyond the orifice ).

The section of pipe to which the orifice flanges are attached shall comply with the
following :
a. Seamless pipe,the pipe walls may be honed, machined or ground.
The wall finish should simulate that of new smooth pipe.
b. Grooves, scoring, pits, raised ridges resulting from seams,
distortion caused by welding which affect the inside diameter
shall not be permitted.

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 STRAIGHTENING VANES

The purpose of straightening vanes is to eliminate swirls and

cross currents set up by the pipe fittings and valves upstream
of the meter tube.

The construction of vanes the maximum transverse dimension “a” of any

passage through the vanes shall not exceed ¼ the inside diameter, “D” of
the pipe. The cross-sectional area “A” of any passage within the assembled
vanes shall not exceed 1/16 of the cross-sectional area of the containing
pipe. The length “L” of the vanes shall be at least 10 times the larges inside
“a” dimension. All the vanes passages is not necessary the same size but
should be symmetrical.

The vanes tube should be securely welded together at each tangent point.
All weld metal should be ground off smooth to prevent disturbances to the
flow and should be securely anchored in the meter tube by use of a flange
ring or set screws.

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FLOW STRAIGHTENING VANES

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Movie orifice meter

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Movie gas measurement

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Sample of Gas Analyzes Result

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 THE END….
Thank you….

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