VLSI SIGNAL PROCESSING

By:
NISHMIKA POTHANA
218W1D7708
M.TECH(VLSI&ES)
 VLSI DESIGN:
Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating an integrated
circuit (IC) by combining thousands of transistors into a single chip.
VLSI began in the 1970s when complex semiconductor and communicatio
n technologies were being developed. The microprocessor is a VLSI device.

Before the introduction of VLSI technology, most ICs had a limited set of
functions they could perform. An electronic circuit might consist of a CPU,
ROM, RAM and other glue logic. VLSI lets IC designers add all of these into
one chip.
 VLSI Design Flow:
The various levels of design are numbered and the blocks show processes in the
design flow. Specifications comes first, they describe abstractly, the functionality,
interface, and the architecture of the digital IC circuit to be designed.
• Behavioural description is then created to analyse the design in terms of
functionality, performance, compliance to given standards, and other
specifications.
• RTL description is done using HDLs. This RTL description is simulated to test
functionality. From here onwards we need the help of EDA tools.
• RTL description is then converted to a gate-level netlist using logic synthesis tools.
A gate-level netlist is a description of the circuit in terms of gates and connections
between them, which are made in such a way that they meet the timing, power
and area specifications.
Finally, a physical layout is made, which will be verified and then sent to fabrication.
Embedded systems design focuses on writing code that is implemented on
a flexible piece of hardware, while VLSI focuses on translating
programming instructions into a structure for an integrated circuit. VLSI
chips are designed to perform a specific task using a software which is
then incorporated into an embedded systems to perform a task. Both
embedded systems and VLSI are interconnected yet entirely different
fields. 
VLSI is the inter-disciplinary science of utilizing advance semiconductor
technology to create various functions of computer system. 
Employing AI and machine learning (ML) algorithms in VLSI design and
manufacturing reduces the time and effort for understanding and
processing the data within and across different abstraction levels via
automated learning algorithms. It, in turn, improves the IC yield and
reduces the manufacturing turnaround time. 
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (DSP):
Digital signal processing (DSP) is the use of digital processing, such
as by computers or more specialized digital signal processors, to
perform a wide variety of signal processing operations.

  The digital signals processed in this manner are a sequence of

numbers that represent samples of a continuous variable in a
domain such as time, space, or frequency. In digital electronics, a
digital signal is represented as a pulse train which is typically
generated by the switching of a transistor.
• Digital signal processing and analogue signal processing are
subfields of signal processing. DSP applications
include audio and speech processing, sonar, radar and
other sensor array processing, spectral density
estimation, statistical signal processing, digital image
processing, data compression, video coding, audio coding, image
compression, signal processing for telecommunications, control
systems, biomedical engineering, and seismology, among others. 
• DSP can involve linear or nonlinear operations. Nonlinear signal
processing is closely related to nonlinear system
identification and can be implemented in the time, frequency,
and spatio-temporal domains. 
Applications:

• Audio signal processing.

• Audio data compression e.g. MP3.
• Video data compression.
• Computer graphics.
• Digital image processing.
• Photo manipulation.
• Speech processing.
• Speech recognition.
REFERENCES:
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/digital-signal-processing
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/digital-signal-processing/vol/
125/suppl/C
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286688048_VLSI_Signal_P
rocessing
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327177573_Computer_ari
thmetic_for_VLSI_signal_processing
    
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