DISTILLATION

Benettin Riccardo 5C CM
 Distillation
• Definition
• Main uses
• Differences

Laboratory distillation Industrial distillation

Tray column

◦ Transfer from a liquid phase to a gas pahse

and vice-versa
Tray column: crossflow tray with downcomers

◦ Crossflow tray utilizes a weir on the

downcomer flows to control the spray height
on the tray.
Crossflow: sieve tray, valve tray and bubble cap
tray

Sieve tray Valve tray Bubble cap tray

Tray column: dual-flow tray

◦ The-dual flow tray allows the gas and liquid to

pass through the same tray openings
◦ There aren’t weirs on the downcomers to
control the flows
Packed columns

◦ Packed columns are used for distillation, gas

absorption and liquid-liquid extraction
◦ The gas-liquid contact in a packed column is
continuous, not stage-wise, as in a plate column
◦ Two types of packings: random and structured
Differences between packed and tray

Advantages tray column Disadvantages tray column

1. Plate columns can handle 1. Supporting structure required
wide range of gas and liquid is costly.
flow rates.
2. Plate efficiency can be
predicted more accurately
3. Plate column operation is
considerably smooth.
 Differences between packed and tray

Advantages packed column Disadvantages packed column

1. Packed columns are more suitable for low- 1. Packed columns are not suitable for very
capacity operations. low liquid rates.

2. For separating heat sensitive materials 2. Provision of cooling arrangement is difficult

packed columns are useful because the in packed columns.
liquid hold up is low.
3. When corrosion is a problem packing may
be the only answer.
 Glossary

◦ Breakage-prone materials

◦ Disengagement

◦ Annulus

◦ Flowrates

◦ Foaming
 Bibliography
◦ Wikipedia
◦ Aiche.org
◦ Amacs.com
◦ separationprocesses.com
◦ Sulzer.com
◦ https://chemicalengineeringworld.com