ORGANIZED CRIME VS

TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
TITLE LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET
What is organized crime?
Characteristic of Organized Crime
How organized group works?
Three forms of illegal business
connection
The structure of organized crime
Transnational Crime
 WHAT IS ORGANIZED
CRIME?

• Organized crime is a category of

transnational, national, or local
groupings of highly centralized
enterprises run by criminals to
engage in illegal activity, most
commonly for profit. 
 Organized Criminal Group

• Structured Group
• Three or more persons
• Existing for a period of time
• Acting in concert
• Aim of committing one or more
serious crime or offenses
• To obtain directly or indirectly a
financial or other material benefit.
 Characteristic of Organized Crime

1. Conspiracy and Hierarchy-

planning, organizing, executing; three
or more permanent levels of rank with
division of labor or specialization.
2. Ideology of Economics- its just
business, nothing personal; they have
no ideology, no politics, intimidation,
violence and coercion are business,
profit oriented.
 Characteristic of Organized Crime

3. Perpetuity- the organization is

designed to last through time beyond the
lifespan of current members via a mix of
legitimate “fronts”.
4. Monopoly- they have total control
over particular turf of industry seeking
goods and services that are presently
illegal or quasi illicit and that have such a
demand that raising the price wont matter.
 Characteristic of Organized Crime

5. Strict Discipline- the group control

its members promptly, deadly; there’s
a code of silence, secrecy, extensive
rules and regulation.
6. Limited or exclusive
membership- kinship, ethnic,
applicants needs a sponsor and not
anyone can join.
 Characteristic of Organized Crime

7. Immunity from prosecution-the

group is interested in corruption, in
fixing the criminal justice system.
8. Has no political goals- it goals
are money and power.
9. Willingness to use violence and
bribery
 Characteristic of Organized Crime

10. Governance by explicit rules

and regulations- like a legitimate
organization they have set of rules
such as “Code of Omerta”.
11. Specialization/ Division of
Labor- OC group has functional
positions filled with qualified
members.
 The way OC group works

1. An Enforcer- one who make

arrangement for killing and
injuring physically (physically,
economically and
psychologically) on member or
nonmember.
 The way OC group works

2. A Corrupter- one who bribes,

buys, intimidates, threatens,
negotiates and “sweet talks” into a
relationship with a police, public
officials or anyone else who can
might help the member security and
maintain immunity from arrest,
prosecution and punishments.
 The way OC group works

3. A Corruptee- a public official,

usually not a member of the
organization family, who can
influence on behalf of the
organization interest.
Three Forms of OC Illegal Business
Connection

Parasitic- OC extorts money from

illegal entrepreneurs under a threat of
violence.
Reciprocal- OC makes illegal
entrepreneurs pay a fixed or
percentage amount, in return provides
services (eg. Debt collection).
Entrepreneurship- OC provides an
illegal good or service.
 Illegal Goods or Services of OC

• Gambling
• Prostitution
• Pornography
• Drug Trafficking
• Arms dealing
• Murder for hire
• Toxic Waste Dumping
• Human Trafficking
• People Smuggling
• Loan Sharking
• Book making
 The Structure of OC

1. The Bureaucratic/Corporate
Model- A bureaucratic organization is a
form of management that has a pyramidal
command structure. The bureaucratic
organization is very organized with a high
degree of formality in the way it operates.
Organizational charts generally exist for
every department, and decisions are made
through an organized process.
• A bureaucracy is the mode of organization that
is essential for efficiently carrying out large-
scale tasks.
 Attributes of Bureaucracies

All bureaucracies are rational organizations

sharing a number of attributes-
• A complicated hierarchy
• An extensive division of labor
• Positions assigned on the basis of skill
• Responsibilities carried out in an impersonal
manner
• Extensive written rules and regulations
• Communication from the top of the hierarchy
to persons on the bottom, usually in written
(memo) form
 The Structure of OC

2. The Patrimonial/ Patron-Client

• The patron/client system can be defined as
a mutual arrangement between a person
that has authority, social status, wealth, or
some other personal resource (patron) and
another who benefits from their support or
influence (client).
• Patron–client systems focus on holding
leaders and followers together through a
regular exchange of personal favors,
support, and protection.
 The Structure of OC

• Patrons provide economic aid and

protection, act as power brokers. Clients
repay with esteem and loyalty. Independent
criminals in patron’s territory are referred
to as “outlaws.” Patrons will not help if
outlaws are arrested; will quash outlaws
who conflict with patron’s own criminal
activities; and may force outlaws to share
their illegal profits (pay tribute) to receive
“protection.”
 Attributes of The Patrimonial/
Patron-Client

Fear of compromised communications makes the

bureaucratic model impractical for OC. As a result:
• Face-to-face interactions/transactions are typical.
• Span of control is limited.
• Control is problematic.
• Geographic expansion leads to feudalism.
• Decentralized control is advantageous for both
business and security reasons.
• Patrimonial/patron-client networks characterize
most American Mafia groups.
 Generic Types of OC

Political-Social Organized
Crime- -Crime by
guerrilla/terrorist groups and
various militant social movements
that use violence.
The Mercenary/Predatory OCG-
Crimes committed by groups for
direct personal profit but prey
upon unwilling victims.
 Generic Types of OC

In Group oriented Organized

Crime-group manned by semi-
organized individuals whose
major goals are for psychological
gratification such ass adolescent
gangs.
 Generic Types of OC

Syndicate OCG- A highly organized crime

group, complex of highly centralized
enterprises set up for the purpose of
engaging in illegal activities. Such
organizations engage in offenses such as
cargo theft, fraud, robbery, kidnapping for
ransom, and the demanding of “protection”
payments.
WHAT IS TRANSNATIONAL CRIME?

• Transnational crimes are violations of law

that involve more than one country in
their planning, execution, or impact. ...
Transnational crimes are distinct from
international crime, which involves crimes
against humanity that may or may not
involve multiple countries.
• Are crimes that have actual or potential
effect across national borders and crimes
that are intrastate but offend fundamental
values of the international community.
 Different forms of transnational
organized crime

• Transnational organized crime is not

stagnant, but is an ever changing
industry, adapting to markets and
creating new forms of crime. In
short, it is an illicit business that
transcends cultural, social, linguistic
and geographical boundaries and one
that knows no borders or rules.
 Different forms of transnational
organized crime

• Drug trafficking continues to

be the most lucrative form of
business for criminals, with an
estimated annual value of $320
billion. In 2009, UNODC placed
the approximate annual worth of
the global cocaine and opiate
markets alone at $85 billion and
$68 billion, respectively.
 Different forms of transnational
organized crime

• Human trafficking is a
global crime in which men,
women and children are used
as products for sexual or
labour-based exploitation.
 Different forms of transnational
organized crime

• People Smuggling or smuggling of

migrants is a well-organized business
moving people around the globe through
criminal networks, groups and routes.
Migrants can be offered a “smuggling
package” by organized crime groups, and
the treatment they get along the route
corresponds to the price they pay to their
smugglers.
 Different forms of transnational
organized crime

• Arms trafficking or Illicit trading

in firearms brings in around $170
million to $320 million annually
and puts handguns and assault rifles
in the hands of criminals and gangs.
 Different forms of transnational
organized crime

• Trafficking in natural
resources includes the
smuggling of raw materials
such as diamonds and rare
metals (often from conflict
zones).
 Different forms of transnational
organized crime

• The illegal trade in wildlife is another

lucrative business for organized criminal
groups, with poachers targeting skins
and body parts for export to foreign
markets. Trafficking in elephant ivory,
rhino horn and tiger parts from Africa
and South-East Asia to Asia produces
$75 million in criminal profits each year
and threatens the existence of some
species.
 Different forms of transnational
organized crime

• The sale of fraudulent

medicines is a worrying
business, as it represents a
potentially deadly trade for
consumers.
 Different forms of transnational
organized crime

• Cybercrime encompasses several

areas, but one of the most
profitable for criminals is identity
theft, which generates around $1
billion each year.15 Criminals are
increasingly exploiting the
Internet to steal private data,
access bank accounts and
fraudulently attain payment card
details.
 Other types of TOC

• Aircraft Hijacking
• Computer crime/cyber crime
• Corruption and Bribery of public and political officials
• Environmental crime
• Drug Trafficking
• Arms Trafficking
• Money Laundering
• Sea Piracy
• Theft of art and artifacts
• Trafficking in persons
• Trafficking in human body parts
• Terrorism
WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL CRIME?

• The crime of genocide, crimes

against humanity and war
crimes, known collectively as
core international crimes,
threaten the peace, security and
well-being of our world.