WELCOME TO DISCIPLINES

AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL

SCIENCES CLASS
What is disciplines and ideas in the social
sciences all about?
It is all about examining human behavior and
specifically how people interact with each other,
behave , develop as a culture, and influence the
world.
CHAPTER 1: EMERGENCE OF THE
SOCIAL SCIENCES
SOCIALIZING
IT’S AN INHERENT TRAIT AMONG US HUMANS. THIS IS,
ADMITTEDLY, WHAT SETS US APART FROM THE OTHER SPECIES.
RATHER THAN ONLY CARE FOR NOURISHMENT AND
REPRODUCTION, WE SEEK COMPANIONSHIP, UNDERSTANDING,
AND EVEN LOVE FROM OUR FELLOW HUMANS.
Why do you think human is
being tied up to socialization?
LESSON 1: UNDERSTANDING THE
DOMAIN OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
AS, FILIPINOS, WE ALL KNOW THAT WE HAVE OUR OWN
UNIQUE WAYS OF DOING THINGS. A SMILE, SMIRK, OR SIMPLE
GESTURES ARE INDICATIVE TO OUR FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS
AT ONE PARTICULAR POINT IN TIME. THIS LESSON WILL TAKE
US THROUGH THE NATURE OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND ITS
DIFFERENCE FROM THE NATURAL SCIENCES.
What have you observed on the image?
 ARISTOTLE
• GREEK PHILOSOPHER
• HE SAID THAT MAN IS A SOCIAL ANIMAL
• WE’RE BORN AND RAISED IN A SOCIETY
• WE BELONG TO A PARTICULAR GROUP AND WE SHARE A
CERTAIN TERRITORY
• AS RATIONAL ANIMALS, WE USE REASON TO SATISFY OUR
CURIOSITY AND DISCOVER THE HOW AND WHY OF SO
MANY THINGS AROUND US.
 THE HUMAN KNOWLEDGE

(BINING & BINIG 1952)

THERE EXIST SEVERAL CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN
KNOWLEDGE
THREE BROAD CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE:
1. NATURAL SCIENCES
2. SOCIAL SCIENCE
3. HUMANITIES
 NATURAL SCIENCES

• BELONG BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, EARTH SCIENCE, AND

PHYSICS TO NAME SOME MAJOR DISCIPLINES
BELONGING TO THIS PARTICULAR DOMAIN.
• FIELD OF NATURAL SCIENCES AIM TO EXPLAIN AND
PREDICT VARIOUS PHENOMENA IN NATURE SUCH AS
ATOMIC PARTICLES, LANDSLIDES, AND EARTHQUAKE.
 SOCIAL SCIENCES

• BELONG THOSE SUBJECTS THAT RELATE TO THE

FOUNDATION, ESTABLISHMENT, AND GROWTH OF HUMAN
SOCIETY .
• MAJOR DISCIPLINES OF SOCIAL SCIENCES :
ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY, ECONOMICS,
AND POLITICAL SCIENCE.
 HUMANITIES

• COMPRISED THE DIFFERENT BRANCHES OF KNOWLEDGE

THAT TEND TO HUMANIZE HUMANS THEY EXPRESS
THEMSELVES IN VARIOUS FORMS.
• THESE INCLUDES ART AND ART HISTORY AND ART
HISTORY, LITERATURE, AND MUSIC
 QUICK ASSESSMENT

1. WHAT ARE THE PRACTICAL WAYS OF CATEGORIZING

HUMAN KNOWLEDGE?
2. DISTINGUISH SOCIAL SCIENCES, NATURAL SCIENCES,
AND HUMANITIES.
 SCIENCE AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
NORMS
ARE FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES. THEY
ARE MOST COMMONLY DEFINED AS RULES OR EXPECTATIONS
THAT ARE SOCIALLY ENFORCED. NORMS MAY BE PRESCRIPTIVE
(ENCOURAGING POSITIVE BEHAVIOR; FOR EXAMPLE, “BE HONEST”)
OR PROSCRIPTIVE (DISCOURAGING NEGATIVE BEHAVIOR; FOR
EXAMPLE, “DO NOT CHEAT”)
 SOCIETY

• CAME FROM THE LATIN WORD SOCIETAS THAT WAS

DERIVED FROM THE NOUN SOCIUS MEANING COMRADE,
FRIEND, OR ALLY; GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO OCCUPY A
PARTICULAR TERRITORY AND SPEAK A COMMON
LANGUAGE NOT GENERALLY UNDERSTOOD BY
NEIGHBORING PEOPLE.
 SCIENCE
• CAME FROM THE LATIN WORD SCIENTIA MEANING KNOWLEDGE;
A BODY OF KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZED IN A LOGICAL MANNER
AND THE METHOD BY WHICH THAT KNOWLEDGE IS OBTAINED
• KNOWLEDGE ABOUT OR STUDY OF THE NATURAL WORLD BASED
ON FACTS LEARNED THROUGH EXPERIMENTS AND OBSERVATION.
 IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF
SCIENCE
• EMPIRICAL
EXPLANATION: A PHENOMENON SHOULD BE OBSERVABLE USING THE DIFFERENT SENSES
• PROPOSITIONAL
EXPLANATION: THINGS ARE EXPLAINED IN THE FORM OF STATEMENTS OR GENERALIZATIONS.
• LOGICAL
EXPLANATION: EMPLOYS THE RULES OF LOGIC IN ORDER TO VALIDATE INFERENCES
• PUBLIC
EXPLANATION: IDEAS ARE COMMUNICATED FROM ONE SCIENTIST TO ANOTHER
• PROBLEM SOLVING
EXPLANATION: PRESENT RATIONAL EXPLANATIONS ABOUT UNEXPLAINED OBSERVATIONS.
• CONTINUOUS
EXPLANATION” KNOWLEDGE IS BUILT UPON BY PREVIOUS AND FUTURE RESEARCH ON THE SUBJECT
 THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

SCIENTIFIC METHOD
• A PROCESS FOR EXPERIMENTATION THAT IS USED TO EXPLORE
OBSERVATIONS AND ANSWER QUESTIONS.