DISORDERS OF THROAT

1.PHARYNGITIS

2.TONSILITIS

3.CROUP’S SYNDROME
 PHARYNGITIS
• Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the mucous
membranes and underlying structures of the
throat.
• Pharyngitis is redness, pain, and swelling of
the throat (pharynx).
 CAUSES
• Bacteria, such as those that cause strep throat
• Fungi, such as in those that cause a yeast
infection
• Allergies, like hay fever or allergies affecting
the nose
• Sinus infection
 SIGN & SYMPTOMS
• Sore throat
• Trouble or painful swallowing
• Enlarged, painful neck glands
• Hoarseness or change in voice
• Fever or chills
• Headache
• Ear pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Belly pain
• Feeling achy and tired
• Red or swollen throat
• Red or enlarged tonsils
• Throat or tonsils may have a whitish discharge
• Trouble breathing or snoring
 TREATMENT
• Taking acetaminophen or ibuprofen as a liquid
or pills for pain. Analgesics are also given for
pain.
• Increasing liquid intake. 
• Eating smooth, cool foods such as gelatin, ice
cream, and ice pops.
• Gargling with salt water (for older kids).
• Sucking on throat drops or hard candies (for
older kids).
 PREVENTION
• Hand hygiene.
• Keep the child away from people who have
sore throats, cold, or other upper respiratory
infections.
• Don't smoke and keep the child away from
passive smoke.
• Keep your child up to date on their vaccines.
 TONSILITIS
• Tonsillitis is an infection of the tonsils. Tonsils
are lumps of tissue on both sides of the back
of the throat that help the immune
system protect the body from infections.
Inflamed tonsils get red and swollen and can
cause a sorethroat.
 SIGN & SYMPTOMS
• Red, swollen tonsils
• White or yellow coating or patches on the tonsils
• Sore throat
• Difficult or painful swallowing
• Fever
• Enlarged, tender glands (lymph nodes) in the neck
• A scratchy, muffled or throaty voice
• Bad breath
• Stomachache
• Neck pain or stiff neck
• Headache
 PREVENTION
• Wash his or her hands thoroughly and
frequently, especially after using the toilet and
before eating
• Avoid sharing food, drinking glasses, water
bottles or utensils
• Replace his or her toothbrush after being
diagnosed with tonsillitis
 TREATMENT AT HOME
• Encourage rest. 
• Provide adequate fluids. 
• Provide comforting foods and beverage.
• Prepare a saltwater gargle.
• Humidify the air.
• Offer lozenges.
• Avoid irritants.
• Treat pain and fever. 
 TREATMENT
• Amoxicillin.
• Cefadroxil.
• Cefetamet. .
• Cefixime. ...
• Cefuroxime axetil.
• Tonsilectomy
 CROUP’S SYNDROME
• Croup refers to an infection of the upper airway,
which obstructs breathing and causes a
characteristic barking cough.
• Another name is laryngotracheobronchitis.
• When a cough forces air through this narrowed
passageway, the swollen vocal cords produce a
noise similar to a seal barking. Likewise, taking
a breath often produces a high-pitched whistling
sound .
 SIGN & SYMPPTOMS
• Loud barking cough that's further aggravated by
crying and coughing, as well as anxiety and agitation,
setting up a cycle of worsening signs and symptoms
• Fever
• Hoarse voice
• Stridor (harsh, raspy vibrating sound when breathing
in)
• Difficulty breathing
• Difficulty bending the neck
• Restlessness or nervousness at night or when it
becomes harder to breathe
 TREATMENT
• A type of steroid (glucocorticoid) may be given
to reduce inflammation in the airway along
single dose of dexamethasone is usually
recommended because of its long-lasting effects.
• Epinephrine also is effective in reducing airway
inflammation and may be given in an inhaled
form using a nebulizer for more-severe
symptoms. It's fast acting, but its effects wear off
quickly.
 PREVENTION
• Wash and dry your hands thoroughly after
caring for your child.
• Try washing toys between each use.
• Encourage child to cover his or her mouth and
nose when coughing and sneezing.
• Keep child home from school or daycare when
he or she is ill or if outbreaks occur.