R.A.

1425- Rizal Law and 19th

Century: Jose Rizal and His Times

First Module
SSC 02 Life and Works of Rizal
 Rizal Law
 Republic Act No. 1425House Bill No. 5561
Senate Bill No. 438

An Act to Include in the Curricula of All Public

and Private Schools, Colleges and Universities
courses on the Life Works and Writings of JOSE
RIZAL, particularly his novels NOLI ME TANGERE
and EL FILIBUSTERISMO, Authorizing the
Printing and Distribution Thereof, and for Other
Purposes.
R.A. 1425…
 Whereas, today, more than other period of our
history, there is a need for a re-dedication to
the ideals of freedom and nationalism for
which our heroes lived and died.

Whereas, it is meet that in honoring them,

particularly the national hero and patriot, Jose
Rizal, we remember with special fondness and
devotion their lives and works that have
shaped the national character;
R.A. 1425…
 Whereas, the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal
particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, are a constant and inspiring source of
patriotism with which the minds of the youth, especially
during their formative and decisive years in school,
should be suffused.
Whereas, all educational institutions are under the
supervision of, and subject to regulation by the State,
and all schools are enjoined to develop moral character,
personal discipline, civic conscience, and to teach the
duties of citizenship; Now therefore,
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the Philippines in Congress
assembled
R.A. 1425…
 SEC.1
Courses on the life, works and writings of Jose
Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and
El Filibusterismo, shall be included in the
curricula of all schools, colleges and universities,
public or private; Provided, That in the collegiate
courses, the original or unexpurgated editions of
the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or
their English translations shall be used as basic
texts.
 SEC.2
It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges and
universities to keep in their libraries an adequate
number of copies of the original and expurgated
editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, as well as Rizal’s other works and
biography. The said unexpurgated editions of
the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or
their translations in English as well as other
writings of Rizal shall be included in the list of
approved books for required reading in all public
or private schools, colleges and universities.
 SEC.3
The Board of National education shall cause the
translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose
Rizal into English, Tagalog and the principal
Philippine dialects; cause them to be printed in
cheap, popular editions; and cause them to be
distributed, free of charge, to persons desiring
to read them, through the Purok organizations
and the Barrio Councils throughout the country.
 SEC.4
Nothing in this Act shall be construed as
amending or repealing section nine hundred
twenty-seven of the Administrative Code,
prohibiting the discussion of religious doctrines
by public school teachers and other persons
engaged in any public school.
 SEC.5
The sum of three hundred thousand pesos is
hereby authorized to be appropriated out of any
fund not otherwise appropriated in the National
Treasury to carry out the purposes of this Act.
 SEC.6
This Act shall take effect upon its approval.
 Introduction
 national consciousness was reached when
indios realized that they have something
in common, that is, a common grievance
against the Spaniards
 Dr. Jose Rizal, was the first to think the
indios as one nation when he first used
the word “Filipino” to refer to all
inhabitants in the country whether they
are of Spanish or Filipino blood
Social Stratifications During Spanish
Regime
 Peninsulares- Spanish born in Spain with Spanish
parents and lives in the Philippines
 Insulares- Spanish born in the Philippines with
Spanish parents and lives in the Philippines
 Mestizos- originally referred to those of mixed
Filipino and Spanish ancestry; however, the term
soon became generic and synonymous for
"mixed race.", referring to all Filipinos of mixed
indigenous Austronesian people, a group of
Malay or Malayo-Polynesian speaking people,
and other Asian ancestry
Social Stratifications…
 Principalia-the social and educated class in the
towns of colonial Philippines composed of the
Gobernadorcillo (Town Mayor), or the Cabeza de
Barangay (Chief of the Barangay) who governed
the districts and the awardees of the medal of
Civil Merit.
 Ilustrado- "erudite," "learned," or "enlightened
ones" constituted the Filipino educated class
during the Spanish colonial period in the late
19th century. They were the middle class who
were educated in Spanish and exposed to
Spanish liberal and European nationalist ideals
Social Stratifications…

 Indio- indigenas, natives, and of mixed

Spanish-native or Chinese-native blood,
mestizos or half-breeds
 THE GLOBAL CONTEXT: THE
THREE GREAT
REVOLUTIONS
 Industrial
Revolution
 French Revolution

 American Revolution
 Industrial Revolution
 economic revolution which started with the
invention of steam engine and resulted to
the use of machinery in the manufacturing
sector in the cities of Europe
 changed the economy of Europe from
feudalism, an economic system which
relied on land and agriculture to capitalism,
which relied on machinery and wage labor
Industrial Revolution…
 started in Europe had repercussions to the
Philippine economy. A radical
transformation of the economy took place
between the middle of the eighteenth
century and the middle of the nineteenth;
something that might almost be called an
agricultural revolution, with a concomitant
development of agricultural industries and
domestic as well as foreign trade
Industrial Revolution…
 The economic opportunities created by the
Industrial Revolution had encouraged
Spain in 1834 to open the Philippine
economy to world commerce
 The presence of these foreign traders
stimulated agricultural production,
particularly sugar, rice, hemp, and—once
the government monopoly was removed in
1882—tobacco
Industrial Revolution…
 Industrial Revolution resulted to the
rise to a new breed of rich and
influential Filipino middle class. Non-
existent in previous centuries, this
class, composed of Spanish and
Chinese mestizos rose to a position of
power in the Filipino community and
eventually became leaders in finance
and education
Industrial Revolution…
 Lastly, safer, faster and more comfortable
means of transportation such as railways and
steamships were constructed. The construction
of steel bridges and the opening of Suez Canal
opened shorter routes to commerce. Faster
means of communications enable people to
have better contacts for business and trade.
This resulted to closer communication between
the Philippines and Spain and to the rest of
the world in the 19th century
 French Revolution
 The French revolution (1789-1799) started a
political revolution in Europe and in some parts of
the world.
 This revolution is a period of political and social
upheaval and radical change in the history of
France during which the French governmental
structure was transformed from absolute monarchy
with feudal privileges for the rich and clergy to a
more democratic government form based on the
principles of citizenship and inalienable rights.
French Revolution…
 With the overthrow of monarchial rule,
democratic principles of Liberty, Equality
and Fraternity—the battle cry of the French
Revolution—started to spread in Europe
and around the world.
 The anarchy or political disturbance caused
by the revolution had reached not only in
neighboring countries of France, it has also
reached Spain in the 19th century
French Revolution…
 From 1834 to 1862, for instance, a brief span
of only 28 years, Spain had four constitutions,
28 parliaments, and 529 ministers with portfolio
 All these political changes in Spain had their
repercussions in the Philippines, cracking the
fabric of the old colonial system and
introducing through cracks perilous possibilities
of reform, of equality and even emancipation
French Revolution…
 the global power of the “Siglo de Oro of
Spain in the sixteenth century as LIFE
AND WORKS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL 6 7
JOSE RIZAL AND HIS TIMES the mistress
of the world with extensive territories had
waned abroad in the nineteenth century.
Her colonies had gained momentum for
independence owing to the cracks in
political leadership in the motherland.
French Revolution…
 This aspiration had inspired colonies under
Spain and Portugal to revolt in order to gain
independence from their colonial masters in
the 19th century.
 American Revolution
 The American Revolution refers to the
political upheaval during the last half
of the 18th century in which the 13
colonies of North America overthrew
the rule of the British Empire and
rejected the British monarchy to make
the United States of American a
sovereign nation
 American Revolution

 The Americans were able to overthrow

their British colonial masters to gain
independence and the status of one free
nation-state.
 Indirectly, the American Revolution
had in a way inspired Filipino
reformists like Rizal to aspire for
freedom and independence.
 When the Philippines was opened by
Spain to world trade in the 19th
century, liberal ideas from America
borne by ships and men from foreign
ports began to reach the country and
influenced the ilustrados
 The Church
 the weakening of the grip of the Catholic Church
of the growing secularalized society of Europe
and Spain has implications to the Philippines
 The union of Church State has identified the
Church with the monarchy and aristocracy since
the Middle Ages
 The French saw the Church as a threat to the
newly formed republican state and Bismarck of
Germany also saw it as a threat to the unified
German Empire. In Spain, the liberals
considered the Church as an enemy of reforms
 The Church in the Philippines
 The declining influence of the Catholic
Church in Europe and Spain has little
effect, however, to the control and power
of the local Church in the Philippines.
 The union of the Church and State and the
so-called “rule of the friars” or “frailocracy”
continued during this period
 The Church in the Philippines
 In every Christian town in the country, for
instance, the friar is the real ruler, not the
elected gobernadorcillo.
 The highest official of the Spanish Colonial
Administration was the Governor-General.
The Governor-General was in constant
communication with the friars in running
the political affair of the country
 The Conditions of the Spanish
Colonial Administration in the
Philippines
 The administration was unstable due to
frequent changes in the higher political
positions.
 Most of the colonial officials took
advantage by corruptions and abuses
 The guardia civil were abusive too
 Ventura delos
 Spain introduced into the country mechanisms
or institutions to enable the colonial
government in the country to comply with its
obligations of supporting the Church’s mission
of Christianizing the natives and to contribute
to the Spanish King’s economic welfare.
 These institutions include the encomienda, the
polo or forced labor and the tributo or tribute
 Valentin Ventura was the last delegate in the
Spanish Cortes