ART

APPRECIATION
JONATHAN A. BITOY, CMF
 SCULPTURE
• it is a three-dimensional artwork, an art of producing
objects in relief or in the round out of hard materials by
means of chisel, carved work, art of molding In clay or
other paste materials, figures or objects to be later cast in
bronze or other metals or plaster of Paris.
• Sculpture (Latin sculpere, “to curve”), three-dimensional
art concerned with the organization of masses and
volumes. The art or practice of shaping figures or
designs in the round or relief
 Mediums of
Sculpture
• Clay – a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when
moist but hard when fired.
• Ice – is the name given to one of the 14 known solid
phases of water. It is a crystalline solid which can
appear transparent or opaque bluish white color.
• Marble – a metamorphic rock resulting from regional
or rarely contact metamorphism of sedimentary
carbonate rocks, either limestone or dolostone.
• Ivory – is ideal for decorative art because it is hard,
close grained, and takes carving and dyes well. its
durable, many specimen survive and provides clues
into the art.
• Wood – can make many forms, from a tree to a
house, from a piece of furniture to a door, from
something functional to something sculptural.
 MARBLE IVORY
CLAY
WOOD
ICE
 Kinds of Sculpture
• Relief – these are the sculptures which are identifies as embossed sculptures in which images are set against a flat background.
• Alto relievo (Italian for “high relief”) the figures are sculptured partly or wholly in the round, that is, they project entirely, or
almost entirely, from the surfacr of the block in which they are cut.
• Basso-relievo(Italian for low-relief; French, bas-relief) is a form of surface-ornamentation in which the projection is very
slight.
• Free-Standing – this is the kind of sculpture in the round such as statues and monuments which are either scaled or done in life
size.
• Kinetic or Mobile Sculptures – these are identified as moving sculptures which in some cases are suspended in air to move.
• Processes in Sculpture
• Molding – this is the additive wherein the building up of form is done to complete the artwork.
• Carving – this is the subtracting method wherein the removal of the unnecessary portions of the material used is done.
• Fabrication – this is the putting-together-process wherein welding is an example.
• Casting – this is setting up the negative mold in order to produce the positive mold.
Historical Background
of Sculpture
• Pre-Historic Sculpture
• the primitive people produced the so-called
fertility statues. It has been described as
giving emphasis on the female sexual
attributes. It emphasizes the women’s wide
hips and opulent breasts. Primitive men
made this for fear of extinction and it will
remind them to go on and on to produce
more offspring.
Egyptian
Sculpture
the sphinx is the most popular piece in
Egypt. It is a huge sculpture which is
described as the human head with a
body of a croaching lion. The head of
the Sphinx is symbolic of the pharaoh,
the mighty reler of Egypt, and the body
of the croaching lion is symbolic of the
mighty country Egypt. Therefore, it
symbolizes the mighty strengths and
protective power of Egypt.
 Greek Sculpture

• the Golden Age of Athens was the complete fulfillment

of the term classic for it was the culmination of the
ideals of the time and of the ancient world as well. It
falls into four classes:
• Sculptures created without regard to their ultimate
location or method of display. Free standing.
• Statues identified as kore otherwise known as female
standing sculpture.
• Statues identified as kouros otherwise known a male
standing sculpture.
• Sculptures designed as ornaments for specific positions.
Roman Sculpture
Given the Etruscan
descendant of naturalism,
Roman portraiture set an
early standard of excellence
that became the model for
the whole Western tradition.
It falls into two classes:
portraits and historical relief.
Both reflect the highly
developed Roman taste of
realism.
Baroque Sculpture
A restless, dynamic style with its
diagonals and floating curved
lines, its striking chiaroscuro,
and it’s sensuous textural
effects. Gian Lorenzo Bernini
was the Baroque artist par
excellence. His known sculpture
is the “Ecstasy of St. Therese.”
Ecstasy of St. Therese
Byzantine Sculpture

Sculptured relief during

the Byzantine was used
to adorn magnificent
palaces and churches. It
is the richest expression
of Christian dogma.
Renaissance Sculpture
“Pieta”
It showed some traces of
classical influence in the pulpits
of the Cathedrals of Pisa and
Sienna. The great master of this
period is Michelangelo. His
masterpiece was the “Pieta”
today a treasure of St. Peter’s in
Rome.
ART
APPRECIATION
JONATHAN A. BITOY, CMF